心理学专业英语PPT-Chapter 7 Emotion and Motivation.pptxVIP

Chapter 7 Emotion and Motivation;Contents ;Reading 1: Constants across Cultures in the Face and Emotion.;Reading 2: Don’t Worry, Be Sad! On the Cognitive, Motivational, and Interpersonal Benefits of Negative Mood. ;Human as moody species;Background theories;Assimilative vs. Accommodative theory;Piaget’s Process of Cognitive Development;Process of Cognitive Development;Process of Cognitive Development;Process of Cognitive Development;Process of Cognitive Development;Paul Grice’s conversational postulates;Grice argued for an intention-based theory of meaning, and he was the first to illustrate the distinction between what came to be called semantic and pragmatic meaning, that is, between what a speaker’s utterance (or its utterance “type”) means in the abstract, and what else a speaker can mean by uttering it in a particular context. Grice highlighted this by an appeal to his framework of the Cooperative Principle and its Conversational Maxims, which are plausibly assumed by conversational participants and provide mechanisms for the ways in which speakers can “conversationally implicate” something beyond the literal meaning of what they say, and for how hearers can recover those “implicatures.’” Grice’s enduring influence on these topics helped found the burgeoning discipline in philosophy of language and linguistics now known as “pragmatics” . ;Grice’s?maxims of conversation?are a set of observations that describe how people communicate when they want to be properly understood by others; you can use these maxims as guiding principles to make your communication as effective as possible. The first maxim is?be informative: include as much information as is necessary for the purpose of the current exchange, and no more than that. The second maxim is?be truthful: include only information that you believe is true and that can be backed up with evidence; if you choose to include information that you’re unsure about, provide an appropriate disclaimer regarding your unce