医学心理学资料：2theory.docxVIP

Chapter 2Theory of medicalpsychologyHistory of Psychology Tsychology has a long past but only a short history.1879年W.冯特在莱比锡建立 了世界上第一个心理学实验 室，心、理学从此宣告脱离哲学 而成为独立的科学。 The schools ofpsychology Structuralism considered both a symptom of conflict and a signal to use a defense mechanism. Defense mechanisms are psychological maneuvers by which we distort reality in ways that will help us avoid conflicts and reduce anxiety. Defense Mechanisms Repression DenialUndoing RegressionProjection Displacement Repression: one way of dealing with anxiety-provoking conflicts or thoughts is to force them from conscious awareness. (# forgotten material)Denial Denial involves the reinterpretation of the anxiety-provoking material to make it less threatening. (eg: exam)Projection Projection is the process whereby you attribute your own personality characteristics to other people, (eg, frightened, hostile)Regression When faced with conflict, stress, and particularly frustration, you may use regression to return to an earlier stages of life in which you were more secure and successful. (eg, back home )Displacement There are two kinds of displacement 5 Objective displacement (when you express a feeling toward on individual that should be expressed toward someone else), and drive displacement (when you have one feeling or drive that cannot be expressed5so the energy from that feeling transferred to another feeling than can be expressed ) (eg, sexual feeling —aggression ). UndoingEngaging in behavior designed to symbolically make amends for or negate previous thoughts 5 feelings, or actions; expressing a wish and the denying it. eg, break a bowl in Chinese New YearRationalization Rationalization involves giving a good reason for some behavior that is not the real reason. In doing so, you can disguise actual but unacceptable motivation. sour grapes sweet lemonsCompensation If you feel threatened in some area, you may seek compensation by working extra hard to overcome to real or imagined weakn