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Summary While most research has focused on the individual, understanding the family dynamic is often of great importance for counsellors in identifying possible tensions between members and assessing how members may influence or be influenced by others, as well as understanding what the death means to each member. 第三十页，共六十二页。 Summary Each bereaved person is unique and will deal with a significant death in their own way; therefore there is no one right or wrong way to grieve. The challenge that faces practitioners each time we meet a bereaved person is to find what helps them best. No single model of grieving is recommended above the rest, as all have various components that may be helpful. Regardless of which model is used, the most important part of supporting a bereaved person lies in ‘being with’ them, listening intently to their story, acknowledging their feelings and guiding them to work towards a new, different and meaningful life without the deceased. 第三十一页，共六十二页。 acknowledgement Ann Dent is a bereavement consultant and trainer, Chair of the Bereavement Research Forum, Patron of Compassionate Friends, and Chair of the Bristol Bereavement Forum. She is particularly interested in family bereavement work that includes children and in support structures for families after the sudden death of a child. 第三十二页，共六十二页。 What Has Become of Grief Counseling? An Evaluation of the EmpiricalFoundations of the New Pessimism A pessimistic view of grief counseling has emerged over the last 7 years, exemplified by R. A. Neimeyer’s (2000) oft-cited claim that “such interventions are typically ineffective, and perhaps even deleterious, at least for persons experiencing a normal bereavement” (p. 541). This negative characterization has little or no empirical grounding, however. The claim rests on 2 pieces of evidence. The 1st is an unorthodox analysis of deterioration effects in 10 outcome studies in B. V. Fortner’s (1999) dissertation, usually attributed to Neimeyer (200