2024年美赛35篇特等奖O奖论文-A-2407093.pdf

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ProblemChosen2024TeamControlNumber

AMCM/ICM2407093

SummarySheet

CoexistorExtinct?Relationshipbetween

LampreysandEnvironment

Summary

Unlikemostotheranimals,lampreyscanchangetheirsexratioinresponsetoenvi-

ronmentalchanges.Inthisarticle,weestablishedBFMModeltoexplainthehighadapt-

abilityoflampreyswithvariablesexratiostoenvironmentalchanges.

Wemadepreparationsbeforestartingalltasks.Wedividethelampreypopulation

intothreecategories:juveniles,adultfemales,andadultmales.Wefirstintroducethe

LogisticModeltodescribelampreys’growth.Then,weintroducethesexdifferentiation

ratioαandthegrowthtimeofjuvenilelampreysτtodescribethepopulation’ssexand

agestructure.Therefore,weobtaintheBFMModelandconductapreliminaryvalidation.

Wefindthattasks1and4arecloselyrelated.Tocompletethetasksmoresmoothly,

weanswerthetasksintheorderof1,4,2,3.

Fortasks14:First,wesetbothαandτintheBFMmodelasconstantsandasfunc-

tionsthatchangeovertime,respectively.Subsequently,weintroducetheLotka-Volterra

ModelandNicholson-BaileyModeltodescribetherelationshipbetweenlampreysand

theirnaturalenemies,hosts,andparasites.Then,wecomparetheresultsofsimulations

underthetwoscenarios.Wefindthatavariablesexratioinlampreypopulationscan

reducetheriskofextinctionofotherspeciesintheecosystem.BycalculatingtheSimp-

son’sdiversityindexandShannon-Weinerindex,thevariablesexratiooflampreyscan

improvespeciesdiversityinthelargerecologicalsystem.

Fortask2:Todiscusstheadvantagesanddisadvantagesofvariablesex,weconduct

numeri

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