2024年美赛35篇特等奖O奖论文-A-2424371.pdf

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ProblemChosen2024TeamControlNumber

AMCM/ICM2424371

SummarySheet

MagicSexRatio:ExploringtheImportantRoleof

LampreysintheEcosystem

Summary

Asoneoftheoldestvertebrates,thesealampreyshasuniquemechanismsofgender

differentiation.Inordertoexaminetheadvantagesanddisadvantagesofthelampreys’

abilitytochangeitssexratioaccordingtoresourceavailability,wedeveloptwomain

models,thePopulationGrowthModelInducedbySexRatioandthe3-RIndexModelof

EcosystemStability.

Firstly,wedevelopaPopulationGrowthModelbasedondifferentialequations,

whichmainlyconsidersthefactorsofsexratio,migrationandinter-organisminterac-

tionsofthelampreys.Intermsoftheinducedfactorsandeffectsofsexratio,weusethe

LeastSquaresMethodtofitafunctionalrelationshipbetweenthelarvalgrowthrateand

fooddensityofthelampreys,thenestablishasexlogisticfunctiontodeterminetheeffect

oflarvalgrowthrateonthesexdifferentiationofthelampreys.Lastly,weconsiderthe

effectofsexratioonthegrowthrate.Intermsofinteractionsamongcreatures,wemainly

considertheparasiticrelationshipbetweenlampreysandhost-fishintheoceanandthe

predationrelationshipbetweenlampreysandplanktonintheriver,andintegratetheim-

provedLogisticModelandtheLotka-VolterraEquationstoestablishdifferentialequa-

tionsforbiomassofdifferentspeciesovertime.Finally,FiniteVolumeMethod(FVM)is

usedtosolvethenumericalsolutionofthePDE.

Forproblem1,giventhesameinitialconditionsandusingapopulationgrowthmodel,

considerthetrendsinbiomassofdifferentspecieswhenthelampre

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