低年资护士心理脱离阻碍因素的质性研究.pdfVIP

·70·JournalofNursingScienceMay2025Vol.40No.9

低年资护士心理脱离阻碍因素的质性研究

俞婧，李林，沈勤

摘要：目的了解低年资护士心理脱离的阻碍因素，为帮助护士恢复心理资源和优化护理队伍建设提供参考。方法采用描述性质

性研究方法，对15名低年资护士进行半结构式深度访谈，采用内容分析法归纳和提炼主题。结果共归纳出3个主题及10个亚

主题：个人层面（职业发展需求强烈、情感耗竭、角色转换受限）；环境层面（组织支持缺乏、工作-家庭冲突、管理制度欠成熟）；职业

层面（工作任务繁重、工作要求严格、人际关系复杂、职业暴露风险高）。结论低年资护士心理脱离面临诸多障碍，护士应树立正

确的心理脱离认知，促进个体角色转换；管理者应创建支持性工作环境，合理安排工作任务，并通过多途径增加组织支持，减轻护

士心理负荷。

关键词：低年资护士；心理脱离；阻碍因素；工作压力；情绪耗竭；组织支持；质性研究；护理管理

中图分类号：R47；C931.3D0I:10.3870/j.issn.1001-4152.2025.09.070

Barrierstopsychologicaldetachmentamongjuniornurses:aqualitativestudyYu

Jing,LiLin,ShenQin.SchoolofNursing,ZhejiangChineseMedicalUniversity,Hangzhou310053,China

Abstract:ObjectiveToidentifythebarrierstopsychologicaldetachmentamongjuniornurses,andtoprovidereferencesforhelping

nursestorecoverpsychologicalresourcesandoptimizetheconstructionofthenursingteam.MethodsSemi-structuredin-depthin-

terviewsof15juniornurseswereconductedaccordingtodescriptivephenomenologicaldesign.Contentanalysiswasperformedto

summarizeandextractthemesfromtheinterviewtexts.ResultsAtotalof3themesand10sub-themeswereidentified:personalfac-

tors(strongdemandforcareerdevelopment,emotionalexhaustion,limitedroletransformation);environmentalfactors(lackof

organizationalsupport,work-familyconflict,immaturemanagementsystem);occupationalfactors(heavyworkload,rigorous

workrequirements,complexinterpersonalrelationships,highriskofoccupationalexposure).ConclusionJuniornursesfacemany

obstaclestopsychologicaldetachment.Nursesshouldestablishcorrectcognitionofpsychologicaldetachment,andpromoteindivi-

dualroletransformation,Managersareadvisedtocreateasupportiveworkenvironment,reasonablyarrangeworkcontent,andin-

creaseorganizationalsupportthroughmultiple