复旦 工程数学-ch3.pdfVIP

March5,2006

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V

1)Vx,yx+y∈V;

2)Vxk∈Rkx∈V.

(1)x+y=y+x,∀x,y∈V

(2)(x+y)+z=x+(y+z),∀x,y,z∈V

(3)Vθ,θ+x=x,∀x∈V

(4)∀x∈V,∃x¯∈V,x+x¯=θx¯x

(5)1x=x,∀x∈V

(6)k(lx)=(kl)x,∀x∈V,k,l∈R

(7)k(x+y)=kx+ky,∀x,y∈V,k∈R

(8)(k+l)x=kx+lx,∀x∈V,k,l∈R,

V()V

()March5,20062/24

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xx¯=−x.−x=(−1)x,0x=θ.

RC,V

V={cat,rat},V

cat+rat=rat+cat=rat,cat+cat=cat,rat+rat=cat

kcat=cat,krat=rat,∀k∈R

(1)(2)(3)=cat(4)-cat=cat,-rat=rat

(5)1x=x(6)k(lx)=x=(kl)x(7)k(x+y)=x+y=kx+ky

(8)cat=rat+rat=1rat+1rat=(1+1)rat=rat?V

()March5,20063/24

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Rn,Rm×n,Cm×n,

Pn={n}

Vx,x...,x∈V,k,k,...,k∈R(C)

12n12n

y=kx+kx+···+kx

1122nn

ny

k,k,...,k

12n

()March5,20064/24

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T1T2

x1=(1,1,1)=1,x2=(2,2,0)=2,

10

T3T3

y1=(3,3,4)=3,y2=(3,4,4)=4.

44

y=4x−1x,y{x,x}