病理学课件_神经系统疾病_中枢系统疾病一.pptVIP

神经系统疾病; 引言 神经系统的功能和结构;cerebellum;Betz cell ; 引言神经系统疾病的特点; 引言 神经系统疾病的分类; §1 Basic reactions to injury 对损伤的基本反应 §2 Common complications 常见并发症 §3 Infections §4 CJD §5 Alzheimer’s D. (老年性痴呆) §6 Tumors;§1 Basic pathologic changes;Central chromatolysis 中央性 Nissl 小体溶解;Red neuron 红色神经细胞;神经原纤维缠结;Ghost cell 鬼影细胞;Waller degeneration Waller 变性;Waller degeneration Sudan; §1 Basic pathologic changes;;Interfasclcular oligodendroglia;Perineuronal satellite oligodendroglia ;§1 Basic pathologic changes;Microglial nodule 胶质结节;;lattice cell 格子细胞;§1 Basic pathologic changes;§2 Common complications;合并症 I. Brain edema 脑水肿;The surface of the brain with cerebral edema demonstrates widened gyri with a flattened surface. The sulci are narrowed.;脑水肿 Vasogenic edema 原因：毛细血管内皮受损，血脑屏障发生障碍 形态：细胞外间隙及血管周隙扩大， 常见于：脑肿瘤、出血、创伤及炎症;脑水肿 Cyotoxic edema 原因：细胞能量代谢障碍，细胞内钠水潴留 形态：细胞肿胀，细胞内水肿, 常见于：缺血和中毒;;Neuronal vacuolation;;合并症 II. Hydrocephalus 脑积水;;;病变;;合并症  III. 颅内压升高 脑疝;合并症 Herniation 脑疝 ;Cingulate / subfalcine herniation 扣带回疝(大脑镰下疝） Uncal / transtentorial herniation 海马钩回疝（小脑天幕疝） Tonsillar / formen magnum herniation 小脑扁桃体疝（枕骨大孔疝） ;;Cingulate gyrus herniation (subdural hemnatoma);Tonsillar herniation;合并症 Herniation 脑疝;Uncal herniation glioblastoma multiforme;Acute brain swelling in the closed cranial cavity is serious. Swelling of the left cerebral hemisphere has produced a shift with herniation of the uncus of the hippocampus through the tentorium, leading to the groove seen at the white arrow.;The end result of herniation is compression and Duret hemorrhages, as seen here in the pons.;059;