酸性离子液体的合成及其性质测定.pdfVIP

酸性离子液体的合成及其性质测定 酸性离子液体的合成及其性质测定 摘 要 酸催化反应在化学工业特别是石油化学工业中起着十分重要的作用。传统工艺 通常采用无机酸(如硫酸、氢氟酸)或经典的超强酸体系作为酸催化剂，长期以来面 临着经济、环境方面的难题。一度被视为唯一出路的固体酸材料也因为经济(如工 艺设备的更新)、技术(如容易失活)方面的限制难以实现工业化。酸性离子液体因 同时拥有液体酸高密度的反应活性位和固体酸的不挥发性，在酸催化反应中显示出 巨大优势而成为近来研究的焦点。 本文通过用常规法和微波法合成不同的离子液体，应用红外光谱分析离子液体 的结构；采用间接测量法测定出离子液体 1-烷基-3-甲基咪唑盐的密度是随着其烷 基基团的变大而减小；采用粘度计测定出离子液体 1-烷基-3-甲基咪唑盐的粘度是 随着其烷基基团的变大而增加；采用电导率仪测定出离子液体 1-烷基-3-甲基咪唑 盐是随着其烷基基团的增大呈减小的趋势变化；采用电位滴定法测定出离子液体 [Hmim]HSO 、 [Hmim]BF 和[Hmim]H PO 的离解常数pKa值，分析出离子液体的 4 4 2 4 酸性大小：[Hmim]HSO ＞[Hmim]H PO ＞[Hmim]BF ，为理解酸性离子液体的催 4 2 4 4 化性能提供实用的信息。 关键词：离子液体，合成，性质，红外，酸性表征 I 酸性离子液体的合成及其性质测定 Synthesis And Property Test Of Acidic Ionic Liquids ABSTRACT Acidic reaction in the chemical industry, particularly the petrochemical industry plays a very important role. Traditional process commonly used inorganic acid (such as sulfuric acid, hydrofluoric acid) or the classic super acid system as catalyst, which faced economic and environmental problems for a long time. Solid acid materials were once regarded as the only way to tackle this problem, but it is difficult to achieve industrialization due to economic (such as the updating of equipment), technological (such as easy deactivation) restrictions. At the same time, acidic ionic liquid showed great advantages in high-density acidity, high activity and no volatile as the solid acid, so it become the focus of recent research. Different ionic liquids were synthesized by conventional and microwave method. Its liquid-infrar