学习对象理论与网络课程开发.pdfVIP

摘 要 伴随着信息技术的蓬勃发展，网络教学正在全面兴起。通过各种措施来提高网络远程教 学的质量正逐步成为教育技术界研究人士倍受关注的主题。系统的网络教学多以网络课程的 形式进行。但是，当前国内在网络课程资源的开发建设中却存在着许多混乱不足之处。对此， 本文引出一个正在国际教育技术研究界逐渐流行的术语——“学习对象（Learning Object）”， 以此作为研究网络课程开发的切入点和创新之处。 学习对象是一种可重用的数字化教学构件，作为面向对象的计算机科学思想 在教育技术领域中的方法延伸，它有着极高的实用价值和广阔的应用前景。本文 在参阅大量国外文献的基础之上，首先细致而系统地研究了学习对象的概念特 点、思想来源、理论基础；接着剖析了学习对象的粒度分类和编列理论两大主题， 并进而就其在网络教学中的应用价值和实例进行了阐述说明；随后，本文将学习 对象与LOM (Learning Object Metadata Standard ：学习对象元数据标准) 相结合， 构造了一个基于 LOM 的新型网络课程系统模型 (LOMWS ：LOM-based Web-course System) 。该系统利用XML 技术来实现LOM，并具有实施个性化课 程编列等功能。最后，本人开发试行了该系统的演示版本，并对研究工作做出了 小结。 【关键词】网络课程、学习对象、教学构件、粒度、编列、可重用、LOM、 元数据、XML、LOMWS Abstract Ⅰ With the vigorous development of IT, the tide of distance learning is coming. How to improve the quality of distance learning by various means has become a common concern in the domain of Educational Technology. Usually the systematic distance learning is performed in the form of web-course. However, there are common shortcomings during the process of developing the instructional materials of web-courses nowadays. This paper introduces a new term named “Learning Object”(LO) that is prevailing in the domain of distance learning worldwide, and uses it as an innovative key element for the development of the web-based courses. Learning Object represents a sort of reusable digital instructional component , which is reusable, sharable. and it can be aggregated, sequenced, and tagged by metadata. Being a new type of instructional component, which grounded in the object-oriented paradigm of programming, LO has great value s of application. Based on the analysis of a lot of literatures, this paper systematically goes into research on the theory of LO, including