高速列车表面气动噪声源的频谱分析.docVIP

  高速列车表面气动噪声源的频谱分析# 崔鹏翔，李人宪** （西南交通大学，机械工程学院，成都，610031） 5 10 25 30 摘要：高速列车速度超过 300km/h 时,列车运行时产生的气动噪声将淹没或超过轮轨噪声和 电磁噪声成为主要的噪声。高速列车表面产生的偶极子噪声强度可能是最主要的气动噪 声，因此研究高速列车表面声源分布和声强大小成为研究者最为关注的问题。利用计算流 体力学方程大涡模拟的数值计算方法，计算高速列车运行时周围的动态流场，得到表面压 力脉动分布状况。采用傅立叶变换方法将时域上的气体压力脉动值转换为频域上的声强分 布，获得高速列车表面任意点的偶极子声源强度频谱特征。计算结果表明，列车表面各点 偶极子声源一般均在低于 1000Hz 时出现最大值，在产生气体分离涡的位置会产生较大的声 强，最大声强出现在头车第一个转向架位置。 关键词：高速列车，气动噪声，偶极子声源 Spectrum analysid of aerodynamic noise source on surface of a high-speed train Cui Pengxiang, Li Renxian (School of Mechanical Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong university, Chengdu, 610031) Abstract: When running speed of a high speed train is over 300km/h, the aerodynamic noise induced by the train will be larger than the acoustic sound induced between wheel and track or induced by electromagnetism devices. Dipole sound source distributing on the surface of train may be the most main aero acoustic source. Therefore, researchers pay much attention to invastigation of the distribution state and acoustic intensity on the surface of train. Large eddy simulation method is used to solve the fluid field equations around a high-speed train. From the solutions of these equations, aerodynamic pressure pulsation distributed on the train surface is obtained. Consequently, the pressure pulsation definition in time domain is converted to sound intensity definition in frequency domain by Fourier transform. After that, the characteristic of frequency spectrum of dipole source intensity at any point can be obtained. Calculation results show that the maximum value of dipole sound intensity appears the frequency lower 1000Hz, large sound intensity appears at the position of separate eddy and the maximum sound intensity appears at position of the first bogie. 35 Key words: High-speed train, aerodynamic noise, dipole sound source.  0. 引言 高速列车在给人们出行带来方便的同时，运行过程中也对周围环境产生一定的负面影 响，巨大的运行噪声就是其负面影响之一。高速列车产生的运行噪声包括轮轨噪声，电磁噪 40 声，机械传动噪声和气动噪声。有研究表明[1]，高速列车速度超过 300km/h 时，其气动噪声 ， 气动声学方程的解[3]，具有固体壁面的