成本回收和支付服务的定价：理论 方法和经验外文翻译.doc

原文： Cost Recovery and Pricing of Payment Services: Theory, Methods, and Experience 1. Introduction A modern payment system is a necessary prerequisite for promoting domestic and international trade and exchange as well as developing financial markets. An efficient payment system, one which minimizes the expense of making payments relative to benefits received, lowers the resource cost of achieving these goals. Payment users will be directed toward the most efficient payment methods when the underlying costs of producing these services are reflected in the prices paid. Efficiency considerations are increasingly important since the introduction of computer based national payments systems requires significant investment during the design, development, testing and operational phases. At some point during the design and development process, decisions must be made as to the fees to be charged to initial and future users of the new systems. ?Outline the cost recovery principles and objectives, showing why costs need to be recovered through user transaction fees; ?Note the level and sources of payment costs; ?Indicate how sensitive users are to changes in payment prices; Discuss the various methods used to determine prices; ?Illustrate how some countries have chosen to price their payment services; and ?Note the data needed for pricing payment services in emerging market economies Part II of this document contains a discussion of the practical issues of setting prices for the payment systems provided from the perspective of all payment systems participants including; the central bank as a service provider, commercial banks as users of the central bank provided services and the customers of the commercial banks. The discussion also covers the essentials for developing a two-part pricing mechanism based on the calculation of fixed and variable cost components as a basis for determining unit transaction fees. 2.Cost recovery: principles and objectives Should payment costs be