日震学在太阳物理中的意义及日震学的观测.pptVIP

The Sun Rotates 400 years ago, Galileo Galilei observed the Sun’s rotation by tracking sunspots on its surface. Only very recently, scientists began to reveal solar interior rotation speed and meridional flow fields by use of helioseismology. (courtesy: Rice Galileo Project) 太阳的较差自转是太阳磁场形成的原因 Why Do We Study Helioseismology? Solar surface magnetic field We wonder where these magnetic field come from and where they go. We also wonder why these sunspots remain there for some time, and why they decay away. Solar activity cycles Why does the Sun have a 11-year activity cycle? Why did the Sun experience a very low and a very long minimum in the past 2 years or so. Space storms and bad space weather Space storms may cause great trouble to man-made satellites in space and even power grids on the Earth. We wonder if we can better forecast space weather by a better understanding of solar interior. Solar interior rotational and meridional flows Precise determination of solar interior rotational and meridional flow fields are crucial to understand solar dynamo. 日震学的观测 我们能否观测恒星的内部? At first sight it would seem that the deep interior of the Sun and stars is less accessible to scientific investigation than any other regions of the universe. Our telescopes may probe farther and farther into the depths of space; but how can we ever obtain certain knowledge of that which is hidden behind substantial barriers? What appliance can pierce through the outer layers of a star and test the conditions within? (written in 1926) Sir Arthur Eddington (1882 – 1944) 可以用声音观测吗? 我们可以利用声音观测到肉眼所不能看到的东西. Investigate the Solar Interior by Analyzing Sound of the Sun Various information regarding the solar interior structures and dynamics have been obtained from helioseismology analyses 日震学的观测:地面观测 美国国立太阳天文台 Global Oscillation Network Group (GONG) Figure courtesy: GONG/NSO 日震学需要长达数小时甚至数天的连续观测。若做到这一点，一个办法就是夏季去南极观测，而早期的日震观测就是这样做的；另外一个办法就是环绕地球多处设置观测站。 日震学的观测:空间观测