生物结皮在石漠化地区水土流失治理中的应用前景分析.pdfVIP

生物结皮在石漠化地区水土流失治理中的应用前景分析 张军红1,2 (1.重庆水利电力职业技术学院，重庆 402160 ；2.重庆市水资源科学研究所，重庆 402160) 摘要：我国西南岩溶区喀斯特地貌发育强烈，由于自然和人为的因素，导致土地石漠化非常严重，严重制约当 地经济社会发展。石漠化危害最主要的表现形式之一是水土流失严重，而目前对石漠化地区水土流失的治理尚 停留在探索阶段。生物结皮是由苔藓、地衣、藻类、土壤微生物和表层土壤颗粒共同作用组成的十分复杂的聚 合体。生物结皮的发育能有效改善土壤理化性质，增强表层土壤稳定性，减少土壤侵蚀。石漠化地区广泛分布 的生物结皮在治理该区域水土流失过程中具有十分广泛的应用前景。 关键词：生物结皮；石漠化；水土流失 Prospect of Biological Soil Crust in the Management of Soil and Water Erosion in Rocky Desertification Areas ZHANG Junhong1,2 (1.Chongqing Water Resources and Electric Engineering College, Chongqing, 402160, China；2. Chongqing water resources and science institute, Chongqing, 402160, China) Abstract: the Karst landform develop strongly in southwest China. Where the situation of rocky desertification is very serious because of nature and man-made factors, which restricts the development of local economic and social. Soil and water erosion is one of the most harmful form of rocky desertification, but the management methods still keep in the exploratory stage. Biological soil crust is the organic complexes of biotic components including bacteria, fungi, mosses, lichens, algae and liverworts with soil particles. The development of biological soil crust could effectively improve the soil physical and chemical properties, enhance the stability of surface soil, and reduce soil erosion. Biological soil crust is very common in rocky desertification areas, which is very useful in the soil and water conservation. Keywords: biological soil crust, rocky desertification, soil and water erosion 石漠化是指在热带、亚热带湿润半湿润气候条件和岩溶发育的自然背景下，受人为活动干扰，使地表 植被遭受破坏，导致土壤严重流失、基岩大面积裸露或砾石堆积的土地退化现象，是岩溶地区土地退化的 极端形式[1]