发酵生物制氢的研究现状与未来展望.pdfVIP

发酵生物制氢的研究现状和未来展望 邢新会、张翀、任云利、文程、谢梓峰 （清华大学化学工程系生物化工研究所，北京，100084） 摘要：生物制氢作为一种可持续替代的清洁能源，日益受到人们的重视。由于暗发酵生产氢 气的方法产氢速度快、反应器设计容易、可利用废弃生物量等特点，成为生物制氢研究的热 点。本文综述了近年来发酵生物制氢领域的研究进展。在菌种方面，除了对现有产氢菌种的 深入研究外，还采用生物学，分子生物学及生物信息学手段建立产氢菌种库；在氢酶的研究 方面，已逐步从基因确定、功能研究拓展到基因工程构建高效产氢菌研究；而在与废弃生物 量处理相结合的反应过程方面，研究主要集中在利用不同种类的废弃物的产氢和高效产氢反 应器上。本文还初步总结了目前对发酵制氢可行性和经济性的评价，并将结合作者的研究结 果对发酵制氢的发展方向提出了新的看法。 关键词：生物制氢、暗发酵、菌种、氢酶、反应器 Abstract: Hydrogen deriving from bio-wastes or unused biomass is one the most promising alternative energy carrier as a sustainable technology in the future. Dark microbial fermentation for the conversion of biomass to biohydrogen has being paid much attention in the world for its advantages of high hydrogen production rate, feasibility in the reactor design and process control, and possibility in integration with waste treatment. Progresses in dark fermentation for bio-hydrogen production achieved in recent years were reviewed in the present paper. In addition to the deeper understanding of the traditional hydrogen-producing bacteria, tools of modern biotechnology and bioinformatics were gradually adopted for the construction of the database of hydrogen-producing bacteria. In the respect of hydrogenase, not only were the related gene identification and the functional analysis important, but also was genetic engineering for improving hydrogenase paid attention. Concerning the combination of biohydrogen production with the waste treatment, many studies had focused on the effects of operating conditions and process optimization. Various wastes had been used for hydrogen conversion and a series of bio-reactors been designed. In addition, the feasibility and economic evaluation of the existing bio-hydrogen process was also discussed in the pap