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the earliest record of 1human activity in northern europe外文翻译.pdf

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Vol 438|15 December 2005 |doi:10.1038/nature04227 LETTERS The earliest record of human activity in northern Europe 1,2 ´ 3 4 5,6 7 6,8 Simon A. Parﬁtt , Rene W. Barendregt , Marzia Breda , Ian Candy , Matthew J. Collins , G. Russell Coope , 9 10 6,11 12 9 7 Paul Durbidge , Mike H. Field , Jonathan R. Lee , Adrian M. Lister , Robert Mutch , Kirsty E. H. Penkman , 13 6 2,6 2 2 Richard C. Preece , James Rose , Christopher B. Stringer , Robert Symmons , John E. Whittaker , John J. Wymer14 Anthony J. Stuart12,15 The colonization of Eurasia by early humans is a key event after Despite two centuries of investigation, no convincing artefacts their spread out of Africa, but the nature, timing and ecological have hitherto been found stratiﬁed within the CF-bF. However, context of the earliest human occupation of northwest Europe is several excavations in the recently re-exposed coastal sections of uncertain and has been the subject of intense debate1. The CF-bF (and associated deposits) between Pakeﬁeld and Kessing- southern Caucasus was occupied about 1.8 million years (Myr) land11,14–16 resulted in the discovery of 32 worked ﬂints (length more ago2, whereas human remains