RNA介导的DNA甲基化路径在植物抗病中的研究进展.pdfVIP

中国农业科学 2015,48(增刊):16-22 Scientia Agricultura Sinica doi: 10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2015.S.002 RNA介导的DNA甲基化路径在植物抗病中的研究进展 耿帅锋，李爱丽，毛 龙 （中国农业科学院作物科学研究所/ 国家农作物基因资源与基因改良重大科学工程，北京 100081 ） 摘要：在植物中，小分子RNA介导的DNA甲基化（RNA-directed DNA methylation，RdDM）是一个表观修饰 过程，主要依赖两个核心蛋白：切割长双链RNA产生小分子干扰RNA（siRNA）的Dicer-Like 3（DCL3）蛋白和结 合siRNA发挥功能的Argonaute 4（AGO4）蛋白。同时，RdDM的转录机制主要依赖两个植物特有的RNA 聚合酶Pol IV 和Pol V。近来，越来越多的研究表明RdDM 路径参与植物防御反应。文章主要综述RdDM及其相关基因与植物抗病 的最新研究进展，以期对作物抗病分子机制和育种提供有益的借鉴。 关键词：RdDM；siRNA；表观修饰；植物抗病 Research Progress on the Roles of RNA-Directed DNA Methylation Pathway in Plant Defense GENG Shuai-feng, LI Ai-li, MAO Long (Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Beijing 100081) Abstract: RNA-directed DNA methylation (RdDM) is an epigenetic process in plants that relies on two core proteins: Dicer-Like 3 (DCL3), which processes long double-stranded RNAs (dsRNAs) into siRNAs, and Argonaute 4 (AGO4), which is involved in siRNA effector functions. RdDM also depends on a specialized transcriptional machinery that is centred around two plant-specific RNA polymerase II (Pol II)-related enzymes called Pol IV and Pol V. Recently, RdDM is found to be involved in plant defense. In this paper, we present an up-to-date overview on RdDM and its related genes during plant defense. We also provide opinions on future research directions for crop defense and breeding. Key words: RdDM; siRNA; epigenetic modification; plant defense 第二道防线是效应子激发的免疫反应（e