英语语法(02-1名词)资料.ppt

b) by word meaning（按词义分）: common nouns and proper noun (普通名词、专有名词) Proper noun: Ah-Q, Air France, the Amazon… Individual: man, student, car… Common noun Collective: people, crew, staff… Material: air, water, rice… Abstract: honesty, safety… c) by syntactic features（按句法特征分）: countable and uncountable nouns （可数、不可数名词） e.g.: a car / cars, but not: an information / informations 复习： 物质名词和集合名词加复数，含义将改变： More examples: More examples: air ? airs custom ? customs return ? returns spirit ? spirits work ? works iron ? irons letter ? letters quarter ? quarters Just a little quiz: 下面这些词有物质名词和抽象名词，加复数后，词义变成了什么： experience (经验) relation (关系) statistic (数据) answers： The answers: experiences (经历) relations (亲属) statistics (统计学) 那么该如何表达 “一条信息”之类？ 那么如何表达 “一条信息”之类？ Several ways that enable us to do so: A) 对于集合名词，使用对应的个体名词： furniture table, cupboard, stool … equipment tool, device … fish carp, shark, salmon … people person, individual … B) 对于抽象名词，使用对应的个体名词： youth youngster, young person militia militiaman … staff staff-member, on the staff C) 专有名词一般无复数，除非自带；加复数一般表示一个家人或同名的多人。 the United States, the Netherlands, the Philipines, the Alps, the Bermudas… the Smiths, two Mr. Smiths and a Lee something D) 对不可数名词，使用单位词 (Partitives) 表示个数：piece, article, item … a piece of information, an item of purchase, an article of furniture 表示形状：cake, drop, grain, slice, pile … a cake of soap, a grain of sand, a drop of rain (saliva) 表示容积：cup, bottle, mouthful, liter … a handful of soil, a liter of gas, a cup of tea 表示状态：flash, burst, fit … a burst of anger, a fit of laughter 表示组群：pair, bevy, bench, a litter, gang … a pack of wolves, a colony of ants Just a little quiz to see if you know: How do you say thes