ppt课件-introductionto sampling distributions- montgomery college（introductionto抽样分布-蒙哥马利学院）.pptVIP

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2017-01-25 发布于四川
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ppt课件-introductionto sampling distributions- montgomery college（introductionto抽样分布-蒙哥马利学院）.ppt

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Introduction to Sampling Distributions Chapter 7 Copyright ? Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company. All rights reserved. 7 | * Terms, Statistics Parameters Terms: Population, Sample, Parameter, Statistics Why Sample? At times, we’d like to know something about the population, but because our time, resources, and efforts are limited, we can take a sample to learn about the population. Types of Inference Estimation: We estimate the value of a population parameter. Testing: We formulate a decision about a population parameter. Regression: We make predictions about the value of a statistical variable. Sampling Distributions To evaluate the reliability of our inference, we need to know about the probability distribution of the statistic we are using. Typically, we are interested in the sampling distributions for sample means and sample proportions. The Central Limit Theorem (Normal) If x is a random variable with a normal distribution, mean = μ, and standard deviation = σ, then the following holds for any sample size: The Standard Error The standard error is just another name for the standard deviation of the sampling distribution. The Central Limit Theorem(Any Distribution) If a random variable has any distribution with mean = μ and standard deviation = σ, the sampling distribution of will approach a normal distribution with mean = μ and standard deviation = as n increases without limit. Sample Size Considerations For the Central Limit Theorem (CLT) to be applicable: If the x distribution is symmetric or reasonably symmetric, n ≥ 30 should suffice. If the x distribution is highly skewed or unusual, even larger sample sizes will be required. If possible, make a graph to visualize how the sampling distribution is behaving. Critical Thinking Bias – A sample statistic is unbiased if the mean of its sampling distribution equals the value of the parameter being estimated. Variability – The spread of the sampling distribution indicates the va