Aptasensors in Health, Environment and Food Safety Monitoring英文文献资料.docVIP

Open Journal of Applied Biosensor, 2012, 1, 9-19 /10.4236/ojab.2012.12002 Published Online August 2012 (http://www.SciRP.org/journal/ojab) Aptasensors in Health, Environment and Food Safety Monitoring* Arghya Sett , Suradip Das , Pragya Sharma , Utpal Bora 1 1 2 1,2# 1 Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, India Centre for the Environment, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, India ubora@iitg.ernet.in, ubora@ 2 Email: # Received July 10, 2012; revised August 8, 2012; accepted August 15, 2012 ABSTRACT Biosensors have been developed using various types of sensing elements like biomacromolecules (viz. enzymes, anti- bodies, receptors, nucleic acids, etc.) organelles, tissues, intact cells of both microorganisms and higher organisms. A recent trend is the emergence of aptamers as sensing elements that has the potential to replace all the above ligands. This is possible due to the unique features of aptamers (sensitivity, specificity, reusability, stability, non-immunogenic- ity), which can be easily exploited in biosensor technology. Aptasensors are thus basically biosensors based on aptam- ers as ligand molecules. Here we review the various applications of aptasensors in health (specifically in diagnostics), food industry and environmental monitoring. Keywords: Aptamer; Biosensor; Clinical Diagnosis; Food Safety; Environmental Pollution Control 1. Introduction ligands to sense targeted analytes. Oligonucleotide (both DNA, RNA), peptide and pep- tide-nucleic acid (PNA) based aptasensors offer high reproducibility against a wide variety of targets (e.g. proteins, peptides, drugs, small molecules, metal ions, and even whole cells) and are quickly emerging as de- sirable candidates for high throughput analytical methods that use minute amount of