Before the Emergence of Homo sapiens Overview on the Early-to-Middle Pleistocene Fossil Record (with a Proposal about Homo heidelbergensis at the subspecific level)英文文献资料.docVIP

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Before the Emergence of Homo sapiens Overview on the Early-to-Middle Pleistocene Fossil Record (with a Proposal about Homo heidelbergensis at the subspecific level)英文文献资料.doc

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Before the Emergence of Homo sapiens Overview on the Early-to-Middle Pleistocene Fossil Record (with a Proposal about Homo heidelbergensis at the subspecific level)英文文献资料

SAGE-HindawiAccesstoResearch InternationalJournalofEvolutionaryBiology Volume2011,ArticleID582678,11pages doi:10.4061/2011/582678 ReviewArticle BeforetheEmergenceofHomosapiens:Overviewon theEarly-to-MiddlePleistoceneFossilRecord(withaProposal aboutHomoheidelbergensisatthesubspeci?clevel) GiorgioManzi DipartimentodiBiologiaAmbientale,Universit`adiRoma“LaSapienza”,PiazzaleAldoMoro5,00185Roma,Italy CorrespondenceshouldbeaddressedtoGiorgioManzi,giorgio.manzi@uniroma1.it Received15September2010;Revised5January2011;Accepted24February2011 AcademicEditor:DarrenCurnoe Copyright?2011GiorgioManzi.ThisisanopenaccessarticledistributedundertheCreativeCommonsAttributionLicense, whichpermitsunrestricteduse,distribution,andreproductioninanymedium,providedtheoriginalworkisproperlycited. TheoriginofH.sapienshasdeeproots,whichincludetwocrucialnodes:(1)theemergenceanddi?usionofthelastcommon ancestoroflaterHomo(intheEarlyPleistocene)and(2)thetempoandmodeoftheappearanceofdistinctevolutionarylineages (intheMiddlePleistocene).Thewindowbetween1,000and500thousandyearsbeforepresentappearsofcrucialimportance, includingthegenerationofanewandmoreencephalisedkindofhumanity,referredtobymanyauthorsasH.heidelbergensis. Thisspeciesgreatlydiversi?edduringtheMiddlePleistoceneuptotheformationofnewvariants(i.e.,incipientspecies)that, eventually,ledtotheallopatricspeciationofH.neanderthalensisandH.sapiens.Thespecialcasefurnishedbythecalvariumfound nearCeprano(Italy),datedto430–385ka,o?erstheopportunitytoinvestigatethismatterfromanoriginalperspective.Itis proposedtoseparatethehypodigmofasingle,widespread,andpolymorphichumantaxonoftheMiddlePleistoceneintodistinct subspecies(i.e.,incipientspecies).TheancestraloneshouldbeH.heidelbergensis,includingspecimenssuchasCepranoandthe mandiblefromMauer. 1.Introduction When considering all the available data, we are con- frontedwithacomprehensivescenarioaboutthedeeproots of our species. At the same time, it becomes possible to approachtheissuefromregionaland/orlocalpe