Bourgin-Yang-type theorem for -compact perturbations of closed operators. Part I. The case of index theories with dimension property英文文献资料.docVIP

BOURGIN-YANG-TYPETHEOREMFORa-COMPACT PERTURBATIONSOFCLOSEDOPERATORS.PARTI. THECASEOFINDEXTHEORIESWITH DIMENSIONPROPERTY SERGEYA.ANTONYAN,ZALMANI.BALANOV,ANDBORISD.GEL’MAN Received26June2005;Accepted1July2005 Avariant oftheBourgin-Yangtheorem fora-compact perturbations ofaclosed linear operator (ingeneral, unbounded andhavinganin?nite-dimensional kernel)isproved. Anapplicationtointegrodi?erentialequationsisdiscussed. Copyright?2006SergeyA.Antonyanetal.Thisisanopenaccessarticledistributedun- dertheCreativeCommons Attribution License, whichpermits unrestricted use,distri- bution,andreproductioninanymedium,providedtheoriginalworkisproperlycited. 1.Introduction 1.1.Goal. Amongseveraldi?erent,butequivalent,formulationsofthefamousBorsuk- Ulam theorem, thefollowing oneisofourinterest: if f :Sn→Rn isacontinuous odd map,thenthereexistsanx∈Snsuchthat f(x)= f(?x)=0(see[17]forotherformu- lations,generalizations, andapplications, and[11,13]foraconnection withthecorre- spondingBrouwerdegreeresults). Underthe“stronger”assumptionthat f :Sn→Rm,wheremn,onecanexpectthat therearebiggercoincidencesets.TheresultswhichmeasurethesizeofthesetA:={x∈ Sn| f(?x)= f(x)}intopologicalterms,likedimension,(co)homology,genus(orother index theory), are usually called “Bourgin-Yang theorems.”The simplest result in this direction (cf.[5,19]) canbeformulated asfollows: (i)dimA(f)≥n?m(covering or cohomologicaldimension)and(ii)g(A(f))≥n?m+1,whereg(·)standsforthegenus withrespecttotheantipodalaction(seeExample2.4).Wereferto[17]forextensionsof thisresulttomorecomplicated(?nite-dimensional) G-spaces,whereGisacompactLie group,aswellastoindextheoriesdi?erentfromgenus. HolmandSpanier werethe?rsttoextendtheBourgin-Yangtheorem toin?nitedi- mensions(see[10],wherethesolutionsettotheequationa(x)= f(x)wasstudiedinthe caseaisaproperC -smoothFredholmoperatorand f isacompactmap;bothequivariant ∞ withrespecttoafreeinvolution).Itshouldbepointedoutthattheassumptionsonare- quiredin[10]allo