Do Seasons Have an Influence on the Incidence of Depression The Use of an Internet Search Engine Query Data as a Proxy of Human Affect 英文参考文献.docVIP

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Do Seasons Have an Influence on the Incidence of Depression The Use of an Internet Search Engine Query Data as a Proxy of Human Affect 英文参考文献.doc

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Do Seasons Have an Influence on the Incidence of Depression The Use of an Internet Search Engine Query Data as a Proxy of Human Affect 英文参考文献

DoSeasonsHaveanInfluenceontheIncidenceof Depression?TheUseofanInternetSearchEngineQuery DataasaProxyofHumanAffect AlbertC.Yang1,2,3*,NordenE.Huang4,Chung-KangPeng5,Shih-JenTsai2,7* 1DepartmentofPsychiatry,Chu-TungVeteransHospital,JhudongTownship,Taiwan,2DivisionsofPsychiatry,SchoolofMedicine,NationalYang-MingUniversity,Taipei, Taiwan,3InstituteofClinicalMedicine,NationalYang-MingUniversity,Taipei,Taiwan,4ResearchCenterforAdaptiveDataAnalysis,NationalCentralUniversity,Chungli, Taiwan,5DivisionofInterdisciplinaryMedicineandBiotechnologyandMargretandH.A.ReyInstituteforNonlinearDynamicsinMedicine,BethIsraelDeaconessMedical Centre/Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America, 6Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering at Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts,UnitedStatesofAmerica,7DepartmentofPsychiatry,TaipeiVeteransGeneralHospital,Taipei,Taiwan Abstract Background:Seasonaldepressionhasgeneratedconsiderableclinicalinterestinrecentyears.Despiteacommonbeliefthat people in higher latitudes are more vulnerable to low mood during the winter, it has never been demonstrated that human’s moods are subject to seasonal change on a global scale. The aim of this study was to investigate large-scale seasonalpatternsofdepressionusingInternetsearchquerydataasasignatureandproxyofhumanaffect. Methodology/PrincipalFindings:Ourstudywasbasedonapubliclyavailablesearchenginedatabase,GoogleInsightsfor Search, which provides time series data of weekly search trends from January 1, 2004 to June 30, 2009. We applied an empiricalmodedecompositionmethodtoisolateseasonalcomponentsofhealth-relatedsearchtrendsofdepressionin54 geographic areasworldwide.We identifiedaseasonaltrendofdepression thatwasopposite betweenthenorthernand southern hemispheres; this trend was significantly correlated with seasonal oscillations of temperature (USA: r=20.872, p,0.001;Australia:r=20.656,p,0.001).Basedonanalysesofsearchtrendsover54geologicallocationsworldwide,we foundt