Risk of Resource Failure and Toolkit Variation in Small-Scale Farmers and Herders 英文参考文献.docVIP

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Risk of Resource Failure and Toolkit Variation in Small-Scale Farmers and Herders 英文参考文献.doc

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Risk of Resource Failure and Toolkit Variation in Small-Scale Farmers and Herders 英文参考文献

RiskofResourceFailureandToolkitVariationinSmall- ScaleFarmersandHerders MarkCollard1*,AprilRuttle1,BriggsBuchanan1,2,MichaelJ.O’Brien2 1Human Evolutionary Studies Program andDepartment ofArchaeology,SimonFraser University,Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada, 2Department ofAnthropology, UniversityofMissouri,Columbia,Missouri,UnitedStatesofAmerica Abstract Recentworksuggeststhatglobalvariationintoolkitstructureamonghunter-gatherersisdrivenbyriskofresourcefailure suchthatasriskofresourcefailureincreases,toolkitsbecomemorediverseandcomplex.Herewereportastudyinwhich weinvestigatedwhetherthetoolkitsofsmall-scalefarmersandherdersareinfluencedbyriskofresourcefailureinthesame way. In the study, we applied simple linear and multiple regression analysis to data from 45 small-scale food-producing groups to test the risk hypothesis. Our results were not consistent with the hypothesis; none of the risk variables we examined had a significant impact on toolkit diversity or on toolkit complexity. It appears, therefore, that the drivers of toolkitstructuredifferbetweenhunter-gatherersandsmall-scalefood-producers. Citation:CollardM,RuttleA,BuchananB,O’BrienMJ(2012)RiskofResourceFailureandToolkitVariationinSmall-ScaleFarmersandHerders.PLoSONE7(7): e40975.doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0040975 Editor:JohnP.Hart,NewYorkStateMuseum,UnitedStatesofAmerica ReceivedApril30,2012;AcceptedJune19,2012;PublishedJuly26,2012 Copyright: ? 2012 Collard et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricteduse,distribution,andreproductioninanymedium,providedtheoriginalauthorandsourcearecredited. Funding:MCissupportedbytheCanadaResearchChairsProgram,theSocialSciencesandHumanitiesResearchCouncil(SSHRC),theCanadaFoundationfor Innovation,theBritishColumbiaKnowledgeDevelopmentFund,andSimonFraserUniversity(SFU).BBissupportedbytheUniversityofMissouriandSFU.AR’s workonthestudywassupportedbyaJoseph-ArmandBombardierCGSMaster’sScholarsh