Risk-based indicators of Canadians exposures to environmental carcinogens 英文参考文献.docVIP

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Risk-based indicators of Canadians exposures to environmental carcinogens 英文参考文献.doc

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Risk-based indicators of Canadians exposures to environmental carcinogens 英文参考文献

Settonetal.EnvironmentalHealth2013,12:15 /content/12/1/15 RESEARCH OpenAccess Risk-basedindicatorsofCanadians’exposuresto environmentalcarcinogens EleanorSetton1*,PerryHystad2,KarlaPoplawski1,RoslynCheasley1,AlejandroCervantes-Larios3,CPeterKeller1 andPaulADemers4 Abstract Background:Toolsforestimatingpopulationexposurestoenvironmentalcarcinogensarerequiredtosupport evidence-basedpoliciestoreducechronicexposuresandassociatedcancers.Ourobjectivewastodevelop indicatorsofpopulationexposuretoselectedenvironmentalcarcinogensthatcanbeeasilyupdatedovertime,and allowcomparisonsandprioritizationbetweendifferentcarcinogensandexposurepathways. Methods:Weemployedariskassessment-basedapproachtoproducescreening-levelestimatesoflifetimeexcess cancerriskforselectedsubstanceslistedasknowncarcinogensbytheInternationalAgencyforResearchonCancer. Estimatesoflifetimeaveragedailyintakewerecalculatedusingpopulationcharacteristicscombinedwith concentrations(circa2006)inoutdoorair,indoorair,dust,drinkingwater,andfoodandbeveragesfromexisting monitoringdatabasesorcomprehensiveliteraturereviews.Intakeestimateswerethenmultipliedbycancerpotency factorsfromHealthCanada,theUnitedStatesEnvironmentalProtectionAgency,andtheCaliforniaOfficeof EnvironmentalHealthHazardAssessmenttoestimatelifetimeexcesscancerrisksassociatedwitheachsubstance andexposurepathway.Lifetimeexcesscancerrisksinexcessof1permillionpeopleareidentifiedaspotential prioritiesforfurtherattention. Results:Basedondatarepresentingaverageconditionscirca2006,atotalof18carcinogen-exposurepathways hadpotentiallifetimeexcesscancerrisksgreaterthan1permillion,basedonvaryingdataquality.Carcinogens withmoderatetohighdataqualityandlifetimeexcesscancerriskgreaterthan1permillionincludedbenzene,1,3- butadieneandradoninoutdoorair;benzeneandradoninindoorair;andarsenicandhexavalentchromiumin drinkingwater.Importantdatagapswereidentifiedforasbestos,hexavalentchromiumanddieselexhaustin outdoorandindoorair,whilelittledatawereavailabletoassessriskforsubsta