Second-Order Conditioning and Conditioned Inhibition Influences of Speed versus Accuracy on Human Causal Learning 英文参考文献.docVIP

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Second-Order Conditioning and Conditioned Inhibition Influences of Speed versus Accuracy on Human Causal Learning 英文参考文献.doc

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Second-Order Conditioning and Conditioned Inhibition Influences of Speed versus Accuracy on Human Causal Learning 英文参考文献

Second-OrderConditioningandConditionedInhibition: InfluencesofSpeedversusAccuracyonHumanCausal Learning JessicaC.Lee*,EvanJ.Livesey SchoolofPsychology,UniversityofSydney,Sydney,NewSouthWales,Australia Abstract In human causal learning, excitatory and inhibitory learning effects can sometimes be found in the same paradigm by altering the learning conditions. This study aims to explore whether learning in the feature negative paradigm can be dissociated by emphasising speed over accuracy. In two causal learning experiments, participants were given a feature negativediscriminationinwhichtheoutcomecausedbyonecuewaspreventedbytheadditionofanother.Participants completed training trials either in a self-paced fashion with instructions emphasising accuracy, or under strict time constraints with instructions emphasising speed. Using summation tests in which the preventative cue was paired with anothercausalcue,participantsintheaccuracygroupscorrectlyratedthepreventativecueasifitreducedtheprobability oftheoutcome.However,participantsinthespeedgroupsratedthepreventativecueasifitincreasedtheprobabilityof theoutcome.InExperiment1,bothspeedandaccuracygroupslaterjudgedthesamecuetobepreventativeinareasoned inference task. Experiment 2 failed to find evidence of similar dissociations in retrospective revaluation (release from overshadowingvs.mediatedextinction)orlearningaboutaredundantcue(blockingvs.augmentation).Howeverinthe same experiment, the tendency for the accuracy group to show conditioned inhibition and the speed group to show second-orderconditioningwasconsistentevenacrosssub-setsofthespeedandaccuracygroupswithequivalentaccuracy intraining,suggestingthatsecond-orderconditioningisnotmerelyaconsequenceofpooreracquisition.Thisdissociation mirrorsthetrade-offbetweensecond-orderconditioningandconditionedinhibitionobservedinanimalconditioningwhen trainingisextended. Citation:LeeJC,LiveseyEJ(2012)Second-OrderConditioningandConditionedInhibition:InfluencesofSpeedversusAccuracyon