Serological Markers Suggest Heterogeneity of Effectiveness of Malaria Control Interventions on Bioko Island, Equatorial Guinea 英文参考文献.docVIP

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Serological Markers Suggest Heterogeneity of Effectiveness of Malaria Control Interventions on Bioko Island, Equatorial Guinea 英文参考文献.doc

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Serological Markers Suggest Heterogeneity of Effectiveness of Malaria Control Interventions on Bioko Island, Equatorial Guinea 英文参考文献

SerologicalMarkersSuggestHeterogeneityof EffectivenessofMalariaControlInterventionsonBioko Island,EquatorialGuinea JackieCook1,ImmoKleinschmidt2,ChristopherSchwabe3,GloriaNseng4,TeunBousema1,PatrickH. Corran1,EleanorM.Riley1,ChrisJ.Drakeley1* 1Department of Immunology and Infection, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom, 2Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology,LondonSchoolofHygieneandTropicalMedicine,London,UnitedKingdom,3MedicinalCareDevelopmentInternational,SilverSpring,Maryland,United StatesofAmerica,4MinistryofHealthandSocialWelfare,Malabo,EquatorialGuinea Abstract Background:Inordertocontrolandeliminatemalaria,areasofon-goingtransmissionneedtobeidentifiedandtargeted for malaria control interventions. Immediately following intense interventions, malaria transmission can become more heterogeneousifinterventionsaremoresuccessful insomeareasthanothers. BiokoIsland,EquatorialGuinea,hasbeen subjecttocomprehensivemalariacontrolinterventionssince2004.Thishasresultedinsubstantialreductionsintheparasite burden,althoughthisdrophasnotbeenuniformacrosstheisland. Methods/PrincipalFindings:In2008,filterpaperbloodsampleswerecollectedfrom7387peopleinacross-sectionalstudy incorporating 18 sentinel sites across Bioko, Equatorial Guinea. Antibodies were measured to P. falciparum Apical MembraneAntigen-1(AMA-1)byEnzymeLinkedImmunosorbentAssay(ELISA).Age-specificseropositivityrateswereused toestimateseroconversionrates(SCR).Analysisindicatedtherehadbeenatleasta60%declineinSCRinfouroutoffive regionsontheisland.ChangesinSCRshowedahighdegreeofcongruencewithchangesinparasiterate(PR)andwith regional reductions in all cause child mortality. The mean age adjusted concentration of anti-AMA-1 antibodies was mappedtoidentifyareaswhereindividualantibodyresponseswerehigherthanexpected.Thisapproach confirmedthe North West of the island as a major focus of continuing infection and an area where control interventions need to be concentratedorre