Spatial and Genetic Epidemiology of Hookworm in a Rural Community in Uganda 英文参考文献.docVIP

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Spatial and Genetic Epidemiology of Hookworm in a Rural Community in Uganda 英文参考文献.doc

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Spatial and Genetic Epidemiology of Hookworm in a Rural Community in Uganda 英文参考文献

SpatialandGeneticEpidemiologyofHookwormina RuralCommunityinUganda RachelL.Pullan1*,NarcisB.Kabatereine2,RupertJ.Quinnell3,SimonBrooker1,4 1Department of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom, 2Vector Control Division, Ministry of Health, Kampala, Uganda, 3Institute of Integrative and Comparative Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom, 4Malaria Public Health and Epidemiology Group,KenyaMedicalResearchInstitute-WellcomeTrustResearchProgramme,Nairobi,Kenya Abstract Thereareremarkablyfewcontemporary,population-basedstudiesofintestinalnematodeinfectionforsub-SaharanAfrica. This paper presents a comprehensive epidemiological analysis of hookworm infection intensity in a rural Ugandan community. Demographic, kinship, socioeconomic and environmental data were collected for 1,803 individuals aged six monthsto85yearsin341householdsinacross-sectionalcommunitysurvey.Hookworminfectionwasassessedbyfaecal eggcount.SpatialvariationintheintensityofinfectionwasassessedusingaBayesiannegativebinomialspatialregression modelandtheproportionofvariationexplainedbyhostadditivegenetics(heritability)andcommondomesticenvironment was estimated using genetic variance component analysis. Overall, the prevalence of hookworm was 39.3%, with the majorityofinfections(87.7%)oflightintensity(#1000eggspergramfaeces).Intensitywashigheramongolderindividuals andwasassociatedwithtreatmenthistorywithanthelmintics,walkingbarefootoutsidethehome,livinginahousehold withamudfloorandeducationlevelofthehouseholdhead.Infectionintensityalsoexhibitedsignificanthouseholdand spatialclustering:therangeofspatialcorrelationwasestimatedtobe82mandwasreducedbyahalfoveradistanceof 19m.Heritabilityofhookwormeggcountwas11.2%,whilstthepercentageofvarianceexplainedbyunidentifieddomestic effectswas17.8%.Inconclusion,wesuggestthathostgeneticrelatednessisnotamajordeterminantofinfectionintensity inthiscommunity,withexposure-relatedfactorsplayingagreaterr