Spatial analysis of bladder, kidney, and pancreatic cancer on upper Cape Cod an application of generalized additive models to case-control data 英文参考文献.docVIP

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Spatial analysis of bladder, kidney, and pancreatic cancer on upper Cape Cod an application of generalized additive models to case-control data 英文参考文献.doc

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Spatial analysis of bladder, kidney, and pancreatic cancer on upper Cape Cod an application of generalized additive models to case-control data 英文参考文献

Environmental Health BioMedCentral Research Open Access Spatial analysis of bladder, kidney, and pancreatic cancer on upper Cape Cod: an application of generalized additive models to case-control data Verónica Vieira*1, Thomas Webster1, Janice Weinberg2 and Ann Aschengrau3 Address: 1Department of Environmental Health, Boston University School of Public Health, 715 Albany Street, Boston, MA 02118, USA, 2Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, 715 Albany Street, Boston, MA 02118, USA and 3Department of Epidemiology, Boston University School of Public Health, 715 Albany Street, Boston, MA 02118, USA Email: Verónica Vieira* - vmv@; Thomas Webster - twebster@; Janice Weinberg - janicew@; Ann Aschengrau - aaschen@ * Corresponding author Published: 10 February 2009 Received: 7 November 2008 Accepted: 10 February 2009 Environmental Health 2009, 8:3 doi:10.1186/1476-069X-8-3 This article is available from: /content/8/1/3 ? 2009 Vieira et al; licensee BioMed Central Ltd. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (/licenses/by/2.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Abstract Background: In 1988, elevated cancer incidence in upper Cape Cod, Massachusetts prompted a large epidemiological study of nine cancers to investigate possible environmental risk factors. Positive associations were observed, but explained only a portion of the excess cancer incidence. This case-control study provided detailed information on individual-level covariates and residential history that can be spatially analyzed using generalized additive models (GAMs) and geographical information systems (GIS). Methods: We investigated the association between residence and bladder, kidney, and pancreatic cancer on upper Cape Cod. We estimated adjusted odds ratios using GAMs, smoothi