Transmission and genetic diversity of Enterococcus faecalis among layer chickens during hatch 英文参考文献.docVIP

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Transmission and genetic diversity of Enterococcus faecalis among layer chickens during hatch 英文参考文献.doc

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Transmission and genetic diversity of Enterococcus faecalis among layer chickens during hatch 英文参考文献

Fertneretal.ActaVeterinariaScandinavica2011,53:56 /content/53/1/56 RESEARCH OpenAccess Transmissionandgeneticdiversityof Enterococcusfaecalisamonglayerchickensduring hatch MetteEFertner,RikkeHOlsen,MagneBisgaardandHenrikChristensen* Abstract Background:StudiesontransmissionofEnterococcusfaecalisamongchickensduringhatchhavenotbeencarried outsofar.Informationaboutverticaltransmissionandsubsequentspreadingandcolonizationofthecloacal mucosathroughcloacal‘drinking’duringhatchareimportanttounderstandtheepidemiologyofE.faecalis infections.Inthepresentinvestigationverticaltransmissionandsubsequentspreadingandcolonizationofthe cloacalmucosaofchickensbyE.faecalisthroughcloacal‘drinking’wereexamined. Methods:Twodifferentbatchesoflayerchickensoriginatingfrom45weeksoldBrownandWhiteLohmann parents,respectivelyfromthesamefarmweresampledinthehatcher.IsolateswereconfirmedtobeE.faecalisby polymerasechainreaction(PCR)andfurtherbymultilocussequencetyping(MLST)tostatetheirpopulation structureandcomparisonmadetosequencetypespreviouslyobtainedfromchicken. Results:Atotalof480chickenswereswabbedfromthecloacaejustafterhatchandafter24hours.Atotalof101 isolateswereconfirmedasE.faecalisbyaspeciesspecificPCR.TheprevalenceofE.faecalisincreasedfrom14%at 0hto97%after24hfortheBrownLohmannchickensandfrom0.5%to23%fortheWhiteLohmannflock.The 84isolatesanalysedbyMLSTweredistributedon14sequencetypes(ST).ThreeST(401,82and249)accountedfor 64%ofallisolatesanalysedbyMLSTafter24h.ST82haspreviouslybeenreportedfromamyloidarthropathyand otherlesionsinpoultry. Conclusions:Thepresentfindingsdemonstratedahighpotentialofafewcontaminatedeggsorembryosto rapidlyfacilitatethespreadofE.faecalistoalmostallchickensduringhatch. Background ofE.faecalishasbeenassociatedwithamyloidarthropa- Enterococcus faecalis is part of the normal intestinal thy [7] and was subsequently identified as ST 82 [8]. microbialfloraofpoultryandman[1].Undermostcon- However, most STs of E. faecalis seem to have the ditions, E. faecalis is c