21世纪初期的传染性疾病的暴露.pdfVIP

. 5 • 护现实践与研究2凶6 年第 3 卷第 3 期 21 世纪初期的传染性疾病的暴露 纽泽西洲大学 Felissa R. Lashley 摘 要 传3良性疾病的出现包括许多相关的因索。全球旅行和贸易相互往来的增加，经济、政治和文化传播的相互作用，人类对人 类、动物对人类的相互联系，这些都可使微生物在不经意间传播。 21 t址纪初期新的因京巳经被发现并且引发新的疾病爆发。控制传 染性疾病传播的解决办法是要求全世界多学科、多方面合作。本文指出了出现的传染性疾病，概述了其发生的历史背景，探讨了出现 这种疾病的因素。在 21 世妃初期已经出现了 7 种荒要的病原体，主要包括:埃憾校和马尔像出血热、猴痕、牛海绵状脑病、严黛急性 降吸道怔候群、西尼罗河病毒和禽流感。介绍了对每一种病原体的发生背景、病例分析及健康保健指导。 关键词 禽流感;牛海绵状脑病;埃博拉病毒;马尔续病毒;猴疲病毒;严囊急性呼吸道征侯醉;西尼罗网病毒;阮病毒疾病;暴 a;出血热;传染性疾病 Eme咽ng inCectious diseωes at the begim也唱。C the 21st. ABSTRA口 The emergence and re - emergence of infectious diseases involves many interrelated factors. Global interconnectedness ∞ntinuesωincrωse with international travel and trade; economic. political. and cultural interactions; and human 叩 to 叩 human and animal- to human interactions. 丁h创e interactions include the accidental and deliberate sharing of microbial agents and antimicrobial resistance and allow the emergence of new and unr创吨nized microbial di阳se agents. As the 2 1st century begi邸， already new agents have been identified , and new outbrωks， have ωcurred. Solutions to limiting the spread of emerging infectious diseases will require co响 。阳rative efforts among many disciplines and entities worldwide. 丁his article defines emerging infectious disea脯. summarizes histori- cal background. and discu耻s factors that ∞则对bute to emergence. Seven agen恼 that have made a significant appearance , particularly in the 21st century. are reviewed. including: Ebola and Marburg hemorrhagic fever苗. human monkeypox，如飞过ne spongiform enceph- alopathy. severe acute rωpiratory， syndrome (SARS) , West Nile virus. and avian influenza. The article provides for each agent a brief historical background.ωse descriptions. and health care implications. Key words Avian influenza; 日ovine s归ngiform encephalopathy; Ebola virus; Marburg virus; Monkeypo