Genitourinary System泌尿系统-培训课件.pptVIP

All images are usually obtained from the posterior. If there is a pelvic kidney, this is best assessed with an anterior position of the camera. For most purpose, a 20-second frame rate is adequate. If deconvolution analysis of transit times is being performed, then a 10-second frame rate is required. For first-pass studies 1 frame/second for 30 or 40 seconds is required. The normal time for a dynamic study is 20 minutes (minimum 15 minutes). If delayed frusemide (furosemide) is being administered, then at least 15-minute study at a 20-second frame rate is required. Abdomens aorta Left kidney Right kidney Normal renal perfusion imaging and renogram by 99mTc-DTPA Abnormal renal perfusion imaging the?left?kidney disappear (posterior) Normal renal functional imaging and renogram by 99mTc-DTPA Abnormal renal functional imaging The left renal pelvis show marked dilation and radioactivity is detained. Both?kidneys have radioactive concentrate continuously, but the bladder has no radioactivity. post 2.3 Glomerular Filtration The plasma volume (ml) filtrated through the glomerulus per minute is called glomerular filtration (GFR). GFR is expressed as a clearance value, that is, a parameter of renal function determined from the clearance of a compound from the blood by the kidney. The measurement of GFR is regarded as one of the most valuable assessments of renal function. GFR, in a healthy person, is 80-100 ml/min, and is decreasing with age. In early stage of diabetes, GFR can increase. But during renal insufficiency, such as in late stage of diabetes, the 3rd stage of hypertension, azotemia, or uremia, GFR will decrease. 2.4 Effective Renal Plasma Flow Clearance of the plasma volume (ml) per minute during the first pass of the injected material through the kidney is called effective renal plasma flow (ERPF). ERPF is a parameter of the renal tubular function. Normal value of ERPF is over 450 ml/min, and is also decreasing with age. In acute and chronic nephritis, ERP