(医学英语术语学)09.Inflammation-1.ppt

Inflammation is important in that its symptoms and signs such as pain, swelling, and fever, lead the person to inquire about its cause. Moreover, the cause of inflammation is not decided simply by describing its existence. 炎症是很重要的，因为其症状和体征，如疼痛、肿胀、发热，使得人们询问其原因。此外，炎症的原因并不是仅仅通过描述它的存在而确定的。 * The cause of inflammation in any organ may include obstruction, infection, injury, and a compromised vascular supply, as well as physical and chemical injury. Biologic agents such as bacteria are often the inciting agent, but frostbite or sunburn may also initiate such inflammatory responses as heat and pain. compromised: to cause the impairment of ; 受损的 agents: a chemical that has a particular effect, 制剂 incite: provoke or stir up; 煽动；激励；刺激 inciting agent:引发剂 frostbite: destruction of tissue by freezing and characterized by tingling, blistering and possibly gangrene; 冻伤 initiate: begin, e.g. ~ a program * Attempts to understand the general and specific reactions to injury in living tissue have been made more difficult by the imperceptible transition from acute reaction, through more vigorous and obvious responses, to the melting away of the angry signs and the restoration of the tissue to normal, or healing. 活体组织损伤后会发生总体和个别的反应，理解这些反应的尝试已变得愈发困难，因为从急性炎症到组织愈合的过程不易被察觉。前者是更活跃、明显的反应，后者是主要体征逐渐消退、组织缓慢恢复正常的过程。 imperceptible 感觉不到的；细微的，逐步的 im- : pref.（用于b,m,p之前）表示“否定，与…相反”之义 perceive: v.意识到；察觉，发觉；理解 perception: n.知觉；觉察（力） perceptible: adj.可感觉到的，可理解的，可认识的 * The lines between injury, inflammation, and healing are arbitrary at best, and should be considered only as a way of explaining what little we know of this complex process. 损伤、炎症和愈合之间的界限最好是任意的，并且应该被认为仅是一种途径，用以解释我们对这个复杂过程所知很少的那部分东西。 arbitrary: 任意的、随机的 at best: under the most favorable circumstances在最好的情况下 * Before considering inflammation in more detail, it is useful to outline a classification of inflammation so that our descriptions and interpretations may be kept in perspective. Inflammation may occur in an