化学水平考试必背（Chemistry is a must）.docVIP

化学水平考试必背（Chemistry is a must） A common name is chemical formula Diamond, graphite C Alcohol, ethanol, C2H5OH Lime and lime hydroxide Ca (OH) 2 Lime calcium oxide CaO Acetic acid (melting point is 16.6 ℃, solid state known as glacial acetic acid) CH3COOH acetate Wood alcohol, wood alcohol, CH3OH Dry ice solid CO2 CO2 Copper and green, malachite carbonate Cu2 (OH) 2CO3 Copper sulfate crystal CuSO4 · 5H2O Hydrogen sulfate H2S Sulfurous acid H2SO3 Salt acid water (industrial name) hydrochloric acid, HCl hydrochloride Mercury mercury Hg Soda, soda and sodium Na2CO3 Soda crystal Na2CO3 · 10H2O Sodium bicarbonate of sodium bicarbonate of sodium bicarbonate Caustic soda, caustic soda, caustic soda NaOH Toxic salt, nitrite (industrial name) sodium nitrite NaNO2 Ammonia hydrate NH3 H2O The color and state of common substances 1. White solid: MgO, P2O5, CaO, NaOH, Ca (OH) 2, KClO3, KCl, Na2CO3, NaCl, no water CuSO4; Iron and magnesium silver (mercury is silver and white liquid) 2. Black solid: graphite, carbon powder, iron powder, CuO, MnO2, Fe3O4, * KMnO4 for purple black 3. Red solid: Cu, Fe2O3, HgO, red phosphorus Light yellow: sulfur. 5. Green: Cu2 (OH) 2CO3 is green 6. The color of the solution: the solution with Cu2 + is blue; The solution with Fe2 + is light green; The solution containing Fe3 + is brownish yellow, and the remaining solution is generally col