英语动名词泛指逻辑主语探析.docVIP

英语动名词泛指逻辑主语探析普通的英语语法书上都经常提到英语动名词的逻辑主语，经常用名词所有或物主代词来表示。但事实上，动名词的逻辑主语并非这么简单，它有着各种各样的表现形式。根据本人所收集到的大量的语言材料，动名词的逻辑主语可以分为前置逻辑主语、后置逻辑主语、间接逻辑主语和泛指逻辑主语四大类。前面三大类，本人均已有专文探讨，在此就不再重复。本文则专门探讨英语动名词的泛指逻辑主语。 当动名词是泛指一件事时，它是一个抽象的概念，其逻辑主语也是泛指的。就是说，这时动名词的逻辑主语是泛指一切人、任何人。我们把这类动名词的逻辑主语称为动名词的泛指逻辑主语(generic logical subject)。在这种情况下，句子的谓语动词通常是一般现在时。动名词的泛指逻辑主语主要见于下列场合： 1 带有动名词的句子是谚语 英语中有不少谚语都含有动名词结构。由于谚语本身就是对客观事实或客观真理的总结，所以它所包含的动名词其逻辑主语一般是泛指一切人，任何人。例如： What is worth doing at all is worth doing well. 一件事如果值得做，就值得做好。 There is no end to learning. 学无止境。 There is no disputing about tastes. 品味无可争论。人各有所好。 Seeing is believing. 眼见为实。百闻不如一见。 Talking mends no holes. 空谈无补。 Talking pays no toll. 空谈无济于事。 It is no use crying over spilt milk. 牛奶洒满地，哭也捞不起。(作无益的后悔没有用。) It is no use pumping a dry well. 枯井打水，空对空。 Lying is the first step to the prison-gates. 说谎是走向牢门的第一步。 Lying rides upon debtor’s back. 债户嘴里无真话。 Deceiving those that trust us is more than a sin. 欺骗信任自己的人是罪上加罪。 Trappings do not make the horse； clothes do not make the man. 好马不靠饰，好人不靠衣。Quarrelling is the weapon of the weak. 吵架是弱者的武器。 Saying is one thing and doing another. 说来容易做来难。 Saving is getting. 节约能聚宝。 Learning is the eye of the mind. 学问是心灵的慧眼。 Learning makes a good man better and ill man worse. 好人越学越好，坏人越学越糟。 Dying is as natural as living. 生死由天定。 Living is an art. 生活是一种艺术。 Mere living is not good，but living well.仅仅活着不算好，要活得高尚才令人满意。 Suffering brings understanding. 苦难令人开窍。 Submitting to one wrong brings on another. 犯了一次错误，下次很容易再犯。 Always taking out of the meal- tub，and never putting in，soon comes to the bottom. 坐吃山空。 Appetite comes with eating. 胃口越吃越开。 A word spoken is past recalling. 一言既出，驷马难追。 Buying and selling，but winning and losing. 买卖有盈亏。 By reading we enrich the mind； by conversation we polish it. 读书使人充实，谈心使人清醒。 Eating and drinking takes away one’s stomach. 多吃会腻，多喝必厌。 Gambling is an express train to ruin. 赌博是走向毁灭的特别快车。 Hanging and wedding go by des