Chapter 3 structure University of Tennessee（第三章结构田纳西大学）.pdf

Introduction To Materials Science, Chapter 3, The structure of crystalline solids Chapter Outline How do atoms arrange themselves to form solids? • Fundamental concepts and language • Unit cells • Crystal structures Simple cubic Face-centered cubic Body-centered cubic Hexagonal close-packed • Close packed crystal structures • Density computations • Types of solids Single crystal Polycrystalline Amorphous University of Tennessee, Dept. of Materials Science and Engineering 1 Introduction To Materials Science, Chapter 3, The structure of crystalline solids Types of Solids Crystalline material: atoms self-organize in a periodic array Single crystal: atoms are in a repeating or periodic array over the entire extent of the material Polycrystalline material: comprised of many small crystals or grains Amorphous: lacks a systematic atomic arrangement Crystalline Amorphous SiO 2 University of Tennessee, Dept. of Materials Science and Engineering 2 Introduction To Materials Science, Chapter 3, The structure of crystalline solids Crystal structure To discuss crystalline structures it is useful to consider atoms as being hard spheres with well-defined radii. In this hard-sphere model, the shortest distance between two like atoms is one diameter. We can also consider crystalline structure as a lattice of points at atom/sphere centers. University of Tennessee, Dept. of Materials Science and Engineering 3 Introduction To Materials Science, Chapter 3, The structure of crystalline solids Unit Cell The unit cell