以轮船招商局为例略论官督对中国早期工业企业的影响（Taking the China Merchants Bureau as an example, a brief comment on the influence of official supervision on the early industrial enterprises in China）.doc

以轮船招商局为例略论官督对中国早期工业企业的影响（Taking the China Merchants Bureau as an example, a brief comment on the influence of official supervision on the early industrial enterprises in China） The production of modern industrial enterprises in China, in addition to individual officials, has basically taken two forms, namely, commercial management and official supervision and commercial operation, while the official, supervisory and commercial offices have a pivotal position. From 1870s to 1903, more than 40 modern industrial enterprises have been established in the form of official supervision and commercial management. The so-called gdsb, according to Li Hongzhang made in preparation for the first gdsb enterprises -- China Merchants is that by the official general outline, to observe the disease, and taking a stand to listen to the discussion, which he later described as taking to host the official . In order to maintain. [1] business as the contractor, that is, the enterprises capital raised by the business; and official to maintain, is the official for the enterprises business opportunities. Because business capital, so independent discussion; because officials have power, so total outline.. For the Qing government, the official governor is the enterprises business activities, all under official protection, support and supervision and control, and the business activities are managed by officially recognized businessmen. In order to solve the problem of transport goods to the north, 1872, Beiyang minister Li Hongzhang founded the China Merchants, which marks the modern private enterprises. The establishment of the China Merchants bureau is under the direct control and patronage of the local authorities. It has realized the advantages of the cultural environment of Shanghai concession and the Chinese stock market, and established the management system of the official, the governor and the commercial office. The role of [2] in governor Li Hongzhang created steamship in mainly in ra