ThePhysicsofRadiology-chapter3-2new 放射物理 英文版 教学课件.ppt

The Fundamentals of Nuclear Physics Part two Beta Disintegration Summary * * BME College Sherman Sheen(辛学刚) The Physics of Radiology β- emission n → p +β- + ν Z increases 1 β+ emission p → n +β+ + ν Z decreases 1 Occurred in the Nucleus β- emission: lower right upper left β+ emission: upper left lower right the beta ray spectra for the decay of Cu-64 Beta Minus Decay total K.E. of β and v is 1.71 MeV Beta Minus Decay mass of P-32 nucleus 31.973909 － 15 m0 mass of S-32 nucleus 31.972073 － 16 m0 mass of β- 1 m0 mass of neutrino(ν) 0 total mass 31.972073 － 15 m0 energy release 31.973909 － 15 m0 31.972073 － 15 m0 (by subtraction) 0.001836 amu 0.001836 × 931.5 = 1.71 MeV Beta Plus Decay nuclear reactor: a neutron added to a stable nucleus high energy machines : a neutron removed from the parent nucleus Beta Plus Decay (total K.E. of β+ and ν is 1.20 MeV) positron + electron two photons annihilation ,1.022 MeV Electron Capture P + e (usually K electron) → n + ν Internal Conversion Auger Electrons Beta Disintegration Beta Minus Decay Beta Plus Decay Electron Capture Internal Conversion Auger Electrons Of interest to us is the mean energy,, deposited in tissue from a beta emitter and, expressed as a fraction of Emax Since the energies of all the nuclei in the original state are the same and all those in the final state the same, but less by 1.71 MeV, the question may well be asked, where has the rest of the energy gone when a 0.5 MeV particle is emitted? Theory and experiment show that in a beta disintegration a neutrino is also ejected, and this neutrino carries the rest of the energy. This means that each disintegration corresponds to the release of the maximum energy, but this energy may be distributed i