保持肠道健康.pptVIP

Clostridial diseases 梭菌疾病 Necrotic Enteritis 坏死性肠炎 C. perfringens 产气荚膜梭状芽胞杆菌 Gangrenous Dermatitis 坏疽性皮炎 C. septicum,C. sordellii, C. colinum, 败毒梭菌，索氏梭菌，肠道梭菌 C. perfringens 产气夹膜梭状芽胞杆菌 Botulism 肉毒中毒 C. botulinum 肉毒梭菌 Focal duodenal necrosis 十二指肠局灶性坏死 ? Focal Duodenal Necrosis 十二指肠局灶性坏死 Clostridial diseases 梭菌疾病 In the USA, bacitracin (BMD) at 25g per ton of feed is the most common and successful treatment 在美国，每吨饲料添加25克杆菌肽是最常用和有效的治疗方法 Other antibiotics including: 其他抗生素包括： oxytetracycline 氧四环素 chlortetracycline 金霉素 penicillin 青霉素 neomycin 新霉素 tylosin 泰乐菌素 erythromycin 红霉素 Feed additives 饲料添加剂 All feed additives have similar goals 所有饲料添加剂都有相似的目标 Increase nutritive value of feedstuffs 增加饲料营养价值 Increase commensal bacterial population 增加共生的细菌群落 Decrease pathogenic bacterial population 减少致病的细菌群落 Decrease affect of pathogenic bacteria 降低致病细菌的影响 Feed additives 饲料添加剂 Enzymes 酶 Prebiotics 益生元 Probiotics 益生菌 Feed additives 饲料添加剂 Enzymes 酶 Phytase 植酸酶 β-glucanase, xylanase, cellulase β葡聚糖酶，木聚糖酶，纤维素酶 Proteases 蛋白酶 P P Phytate and Phytase 肌醇六磷酸和植酸酶 Starch PHYTASE P P P P PHYTASE PHYTASE P = Phosphorus Mirzaie et al., 2012 Effects?of?xylanase supplementation on performance of hens fed wheat based diets向小麦基础日粮中添加木聚糖酶后对产蛋鸡生产性能的影响 b a 饲养日产蛋率% Effects?of?xylanase supplementation on performance of hens fed wheat based diets向小麦基础日粮中添加木聚糖酶后对产蛋鸡生产性能的影响 Mirzaie et al., 2012 b a 饲料转化率（饲料/蛋） Enzymes 酶 Pros 优点 Improves less than optimal diets 改善质量不理想的饲料 Reduces environmental impact 降低环境的影响 Decreased cost 减少成本 50 kcal/kg Apparent Metabolizable Energy 50千卡/千克表观代谢能 1% protein 1% 蛋白质 0.1% available Phosphorus 0.1%可利用磷 Cons 缺点 Optimal supplementation levels? 最佳的添加水平？ Diminished returns when using multiple enzymes 多种酶混合使用时效果降低 Not disease treatment 对疾病无治疗效果 Few if any water delivery options 不能添加到饮水使用 Issues to consider 需要考虑的问题 Heat treatment 热处