(精编)【医学精品课件之抗生素】Antibiotics教学课件.pptVIP

Antibiotics;Classification (According their structures)：;Classification (According to their mechanism of actions;;Mechanism of Action;The peptidoglycan cell wall is a branched polymer made of alternating NAG [β-D-N-acetylglycosamine,乙酰葡糖胺] and NAM [β-D-N-acetylmuramic acid，乙酰壁氨酸] residues. Polypeptide chains are attached to the NAM residues and these vary depending on the strain of bacteria. The mechanism for cross-linkage is shown below. It is the terminal D-alanyl-D-alanine residues of the polypeptide chain off of the NAM residues that binds to the transpeptidase which cross-links that chain with the adjacent peptidoglycan strand. Penicillin binds at the active site of the transpeptidase enzyme that cross-links the peptidoglycan strands. It does this by mimicking the D-alanyl-D-alanine residues that would normally bind to this site. ;;;;Penicllin-binding poteins,PBPs;Penicliins Nature Penicillin (Fermentation-Derived Penicillins);Fleming found that it was effective against many Gram positive bacteria in laboratory conditions, and he even used locally applied, crude preparations of this substance, from culture filtrates, to control eye infections. However, he could not purify this compound because of its instability, and it was not until the period of the Second World War (1939-1945) that two other British scientists, Florey and Chain, working in the USA, managed to produce the antibiotic on an industrial scale for widespread use. In recognition for his contribution, Alexander Fleming was knighted in 1944. With Chain and Florey he was awarded the Nobel Prize in 1945. One sometimes finds what one is not looking for.; ;Because of its cheapness, efficacy, and remarkable lack of toxicity (except for acutely allergic patients). Peniciline G remains a remarkably useful agent for treatment of disease caused by susceptible microorganisms. It is the drug of choice for more infections than any other antibiotics. “ Fist is best” The disadvantages of F