特定的MHC分子凭借所需要的锚着残基选择性结合抗原肽.PPT

* 如果不考虑基因频率的偏态分布（如中国人A2频率高达48%）和连锁不平衡（如DRB1*0901与DQB1*0701常连锁在一起），随机人群出现二人HLA完全相同的几率极小。 强直性脊柱炎 （三）HLA 分子表达异常与疾病的发生 HLA -Ⅰ类分子表达降低与恶性肿瘤 HLA -Ⅱ类分子异常表达与自身免疫病 HLA -Ⅱ类分子表达缺陷与裸淋巴细胞综合征 （四）HLA分型在法医学中的应用 主要内容： MHC的基因组成及定位 MHC的遗传学特点 MHC分子的分布、结构与功能 HLA与医学实践 掌握： HLA的基因组成及定位 MHC的遗传学特点 MHC分子的分布、结构与功能 熟悉： HLA与医学实践的关系 The?Rh blood group system?is one of thirty-five current?human blood group systems. It is the second most important blood group system, after?ABO. The vast majority of people are Rh positive and generally there is no natural antibodies in Rh blood group system. So the blood transfusion for the first time wont find Rh blood incompatible. * * * In the human, HLA-E binds a nine-amino acid peptide derived from the signal sequence of HLA-A,-B,-C and -G molecules, and is recognized by the CD94/NKG2 receptors on NK cells, thereby allowing NK cells to monitor the expression of polymorphic class I molecules using a single receptor. The stress-inducible MICA and MICB have the same domain structure as classical class I. They are recognized by the NKG2D - activating molecule. One possible role for this interaction is in the promotion of NK- and T-cell antitumor responses. Like its true MHC counterparts, CD1 is involved in the presentation of antigens to T-cells, but the antigen-binding groove is to some extent covered over, contains mainly hydrophobic amino acids, and is accessible only through a narrow entrance. Instead of binding peptide antigens, the CD1 molecules generally present lipids or glycolipids. * The MHC region represents an outstanding hotspot with mutation rates two orders of magnitude higher than non-MHC loci. These multiple allelic forms can be generated by a variety of mechanisms: point mutations, recombination, homologous but unequal crossing over and gene conversion. The degree of sequence homology and an increased occurrence of the dinucleotide motif 5’-CG-3’ (to produce what are referred to as CpG islands) s