公共产品私人性质投资与经济增长可持续性.docVIP

公共产品私人性质投资与经济增长可持续性 　　摘要:本文分析了2009年中国的高额投资增长和信贷增长,并从可持续经济增长的角度探讨了未来宏观经济调控和制度优化的可能路径。基本结论如下:第一,2009年高速增长的公共投资事实上体现了公共产品的私人性质――收益由部分集团获得但成本却由更大的群体负担,因此,抓取尽可能多的投资机会和金融资源成为个体的理性选择;第二,中央银行并未实施过度宽松的货币政策,但财政投资的攫取激励推动了信贷过度投放;与此同时,信贷的产出效率持续下降,其结果是我们面临着系统性信用风险和资产价格泡沫化的持续压力,并把中国的宏观调控拖入低利率陷阱;第三,为获得可持续的经济增长,有必要率先完成积极的财政政策退出,而后实施宽松的货币政策退出,最终实施结构调整,推动投融资体制改革。 　　关键词:公共投资;流动性过剩;宏观调控;经济增长 　　 　　Abstract:This paper analyzes China’s high investment growth and credit growth in 2009,explores the future of macroeconomic regulation and possible paths of the system optimization from the perspective of sustainable economic growth. Basic conclusions are: first, rapid public investment growth in 2009 reflects the private nature of public goods-earnings received by some groups but the cost has dropped from a greater group. Hence,it is a rational choice for individuals to grab investment opportunities and financial resources as much as possible. Second,the central bank did not carry outthe excessive loose monetary policy,but the financial investment promotes the excessive credit delivery. At the same time, the output efficiency of credit continued to decline. As a result,we are faced with systemic credit risk and the continuing pressure of the asset price bubble,and drag macroeconomic regulation to the trap of low interest rates. Third,it is necessary to withdraw the positive fiscal policy firstly,in order to obtain sustainable economic growth,then withdraw loose monetary policy,and carry out structural adjustment,promote investment and financing system reform. 　　Key Words:public investment,excess liquidity,macroeconomic regulation,economic growth 　　中图分类号:F830 文献标识码:A文章编号:1674-2265(2010)02-0003-06 　　 　　一、引言:2009年的体制复归 　　 　　在任何一个经济体,收入、财富分配或私人产品的再分配是永恒的争论内容,并主要与经济体的制度特征相关联。中国2009年的经济增长尽管在很大程度上立足于全球金融危机冲击后所不得不采取的扩张性财政货币政策,似乎是一个与中长期制度结构无关的短期调控问题①,但是,有两个宏观经济典型事实是值得关注的。 　　 　　第一,美国与中国采取了完全相同的货币政策(低利率与数量扩张相结合),但是中国出现了货币乘数大幅度提升并推动广义货币增长率快速上升的局面,而美国则面临货币乘数下降近一半,广义货币几乎不增长的状态(见图1)。更有意思的是,自2008年