海洋英语课件Production System培训资料.pptxVIP

Production System;This chapter will consider the physical processes which oil and gas (and unwanted fluids) from the wellhead must go through to reach product specifications. ;The process engineer is faced with a mixture of oil，gas and water，as well as small volumes of undesirable substances，which have to be separated and treated for export or disposal.;Before designing a process scheme it is necessary to know the specification of the raw material input (or feedstock) and the specification of the end product desired. ;The main hydrocarbon properties which will influence process design are： 1)PVT characteristics 2)Composition 3)Emulsion behavior 4)Viscosity and Density ;Once specifications for the input stream and end product are known, the process engineer must determine the minimum number of steps required to achieve the transformation.;For each step of the process a number of factors must be considered： ?product yield ?inter-stage pressure and temperatures ?compression power required ?cooling and heating requirements ?flow rates for equipment sizes ?implications of changing production profile;A process flow scheme should include the following aspects： ?preparing preliminary equipment lists ?advanced ordering of long lead time equipment ?preparing a preliminary plant layout ?supporting early cost estimates ?preparing engineering design sheets ?basic risk analysis ;The basic separation process is similar for oil and gas production, though the relative amounts of each phase differ. ;Gas processing facilities generally work best at between 10 and 100 bar. At low pressure, vessels have to be large to operate effectively, whereas at higher pressures facilities can be smaller but vessel walls and piping systems must be thicker. ;The gas processing options were designed primarily to meet on-site usage or evacuation specifications. Before delivery to the customer further processing would normally be carried out