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预付款消费者保护法律制度分析-analysis on legal system of advance payment consumer protection
内容摘要在当今,预付款消费业已受到众多消费者的青睐,其形式也日趋多样化。预付款这 一消费形式,符合市场经济发展的效率要求,但它在给消费者带来便利的同时,也因其 不同于传统的“一手交钱,一手交货”的消费形式而给预付款消费者带来了更大的风 险。基于预付款消费的特点和预付款消费者所面临的特殊风险为预付款消费者的合法权 益提供有针对性的法律保护措施,这是理论界、立法界和司法实务界共同面临的重大课 题。本文对此作了初步的探讨。本文共分为四个部分: 第一部分对预付款消费进行了界定并对预付款消费的现状进行了描述。本部分对预付款消费作了概念界定,总结了预付款消费的特点,概括了预付款消费者群体不断扩大 的发展现状。第二部分着重分析了预付款消费者所面临的特殊风险。本部分认为,由于消费者在 取得商品或者服务前已经将款项支付给了经营者,因此,预付款消费者很可能得不到双 方约定的服务,也容易受到双方事先签订的合同中“霸王条款”的侵害。此外,在发生 经营者侵犯预付款消费者的权益后,预付款消费者也难以有效地维护自己的权利。第三部分论述了预付款消费者保护中所面临的困境。本部分认为,由于相关监管部 门的不作为,导致了对经营者缺乏相应的监管,因此经营者屡屡侵犯预付款消费者的权 利。现有的消费者权益保护法对预付款消费者的权益不能进行有针对性的保护。此外, 由于消费者自身方面的原因、维权程序繁杂等,导致了预付款消费者很难切实地维护自 己的权利。第四部分着重探讨了预付款消费者保护的法律对策。本部分提出,要从以下几个方 面来合理引导预付款消费走上正常的轨道:第一,加强资金监管,在条件允许的情况下 引入第三方支付模式,从资金上堵住预付款消费的漏洞;第二,提高预付款经营者的准 入门槛,加强相关部门的监管;第三,建立预付款保证金制度;第四,推行预付款消费 的专业合同文本指引;第五,建立预付款商家的诚信档案;第六,完善现有立法对预付 款消费者的保护;第七,改革现有的预付款消费纠纷解决方式,降低维权成本。关键词:预付款;消费者;法律保护AbstractNow there are many people choose Pre-payment consumption that the few people choose from the word go , pre-payment consumption display a variety of forms in modern society , such as mobile phone cards, mess card, shopping card, hairdressing card, and so on. Pre-payment is consistent with the requirements of the development of market economy . It is convenience to consumers, because it is different from the traditional cash on delivery, As a form of consumption, pre-payment consumption need pay money to operator following operater supply promissory servise. thus pre-payment consumption of this form of consumption result much risk to pre-payment consumers , It is necessary for us to draw up the law in order to protect the pre-payment consumer s legitimate rights and interests of the legal .The first part made a comprehensive narrative about pre-payment consumption,We define the pre-payment consumptions feature concemption and this current situation that Now there are many people choose Pre-payment consumption that the few people choose from the word goThe second part discusses the especial risk about pre-payment
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