月球软着陆视觉导航与下降序列影像匹配问题分析-analysis of matching problem between soft landing visual navigation and descending sequence images of moon.docxVIP
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月球软着陆视觉导航与下降序列影像匹配问题分析-analysis of matching problem between soft landing visual navigation and descending sequence images of moon
摘 要随着航天技术的发展,深空探测作为一个国家综合国力和科学技术发展水平的 重要标志,引起了世界各个航天大国的极大关注。中国已成功发射绕月卫星“嫦 娥一号”和“嫦娥二号”,月球无人探测器软着陆是下一步工作中的重点难点问题。 与传统着陆导航方式相比,视觉导航具有机动灵活、精确着陆和自主障碍检测规 避能力等特点。本文首先分析月球无人软着陆视觉导航方案问题,然后研究了序列影像自适 应匹配问题,该技术是月球探测器软着陆视觉导航中三维月貌分析理解和着陆点确定的基础,论文主要工作内容如下:1.介绍课题背景,对三种自主着陆导航方式进行分析比较,论述了视觉导航的 特点。2.设计提出了一套月球探测器视觉导航的基本方案,分析了该方案的研究目 标,并对视觉导航系统从硬件和软件的角度进行初步设计,对软着陆视觉导航三 个阶段的主要工作内容进行了研究讨论。.在分析对比常用特征点提取算子的内容和特点的基础上,选择 Forstner 算子 提取特征点,通过分析 SIFT 算法中不同维数特征向量的选择对匹配结果的影响, 最后从匹配效果和运算速度综合考虑选择 128 维特征向量。结合 Forstner 与 SIFT 组成一种改进的算法,并利用该算法做序列影像的特征点初匹配,获得较好的匹 配效果和运算速度。.结合随机采样一致性原理(Random Sampling Consenus, RANSAC)和最小二 乘匹配求解序列影像仿射关系参数,形成序列影像的结构化匹配关系,实验证明 该方法有效排除了初匹配中的误匹配点。然后以此指导影像格网形式的非特征点 匹配,利用仿射参数定位待匹配像点的初始位置,通过计算其邻域内像点相关系 数获得最佳匹配点。实验证明该方法能快速准确的实现非特征点图像匹配,平均 匹配误差在 3 个像素之内。5.利用实验室六自由度平台和比例沙盘建立半实物仿真模型,对相关算法进行 仿真验证。实验证明,本文方法对仿真条件下获得的序列影像在图像匹配速度与准确性方面具有较好效果。关键词:序列影像,Forstner,SIFT,RANSAC,最小二乘,仿射变换,半实物仿 真ABSTRACTWith the fast development of space science and technology, deep-space probing, which is regarded as an important mark of nation comprehensive science technique level, have re-focused by each country in 21st century. Till now, China has already successfully shot two satellites as: “Chang’e-1”and “Chang’e-2”. Soft-landing of lunar rover becomes a highlighted issue of next lunar probing project. Compared with the former landing technologies, vision navigation aided landing would bring new and better supporting for self-adaptive, precise landing and barrier evading.Job of this thesis mainly including: systematic plan analyzing and designing of lunar soft- landing vision navigation; then, self-adaptive sequential image matching is discussed, which is a basic requirement of 3D reconstruction of lunar terrain and landing spot decision in the landing vision navigation process. Main content of this thesis are listed as following:Characteristics of three independence navigation modes and vision navigation are discussed, and background of the thesis is introduced.A plan concerned about lunar soft- lan
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