抗生素英文课件精品ANTIBIOTICS（33p）.pptVIP

ANTIBIOTICS From the Greek: anti - against bios - life Chemotherapy Paul Ehrlich Use of chemical agent to kill bacteria and not harm the host Search for the “Magic bullet” Developed an arsenic compound that killed the bacteria that causes syphilis Compound was called salvarsan but was quite toxic to the host Antibiotics Natural compounds produced by microorganisms that inhibit the growth of other microbes Majority of antibiotics come from Streptomyces bacteria and molds Over 100 different antibiotics Antibiotics generally have two names Brand name created by the drug company Generic name based on the chemical structure or class of antibiotics Famous penicillin picture Alexander Fleming Discovered penicillin by accident in 1928 A mold contaminating a plate of Staphylococcus aureus showed anti-bacterial properties The mold was identified as a member of genus Penicillum, hence the name for the naturally produced antibiotic Fleming won the Nobel prize in 1945 for this discovery, shared with Howard Florey and Ernst Chain Penicillin Wonder drug Killed bacteria with few side effects on the patient SELECTIVE TOXICITY Penicillin was NOT the first anti-bacterial compound Penicillin was the FIRST natural compound that kills bacteria Antibiotic Not made in the lab Spectrum of Activity Broad spectrum antibiotics Effect both G+ and G- bacteria Tetracycline Narrow spectrum antibiotics Effects fewer types of pathogens More selective? Penicillin – best against G+ bacteria How do antibiotics work? Cell Wall Synthesis Penicillin Prevents synthesis of the peptidoglycan components of the cell wall Targets actively growing cells Very little toxicity to human cells Inhibition of protein synthesis Broad spectrum of activity – all bacteria have to make proteins Difference in ribosome size in bacteria accounts for selective toxicity Chloramphenicol, erythromycin (G+), streptomycin, tetracyclines Injury to plasma membrane Changes to permeability of membrane causes loss of metabolites Polymy