高等固体物理（中科大）3 尺度.ppt

Contents Switch and Transistor Rectifier Magnetoresistance Oscillator NDR Conduction and Others Graphite - Soft and black and the stable,common,form of carbon. - Very light and resistant - Atom is at the corners of fused hexagon in parallel layers. Diamond - Hard and transparent and the unusual form of carbon. - Strong thermal conductivity. - Atom is bound to four other carbon atoms in a regular repetitive pattern. C60 - A third allotropic form of very stable spheres(1985) - Formed when graphite is evaporated in an inert atmosphere. - Assumed C60 consists of 12 pentagons and 20 hexagons with carbon atoms at each corner, as a soccer ball. - Names (3).C60团簇 共价键团簇 An idea from outer space The serendipitous discovery Prof. Kroto wanted Long-chained carbon which could form red giant stars Prof. Curl Prof.Smalley had built an apparatus which could analyze,evaporate almost any material with a laser beam Collaboration C60 (Fall,1985) Contact Fullerene Science 1985: C60-discovered (Nature 318, 162) 1990: C60-macroscopic scale synthesis (Nature 347, 354) 1991: Carbon nanotubes-discovered(Nature 354, 56) 1996: Noble prize for C60 Prof.Robert F. Curl,Jr Rice University,Houston TX, USA Prof Sir Harold W. Kroto University of Sussex Brighton, England Prof.Richard E. Smalley Rice University,Houston TX, USA Reference : http://www.nobel.se/chemistry/laureates/1996 The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1996 for their discovery of fullerenes C50Cl10的立体结构模拟图 Usefulness of hollow sphere structure Filter Superconductivity Building material of objects Expansion to nanotube Fullerene-based single molecule devices Switch Christian Joachim et al., PRL 74, 2102 (1995) Current I as a function of tip displacement s at 300K Tunneling region to contact region Deformation of C60 contributes the increase of current Electrical resistance is 54.80 M Ω C60/Au(110)-1x2 C60 clust