考虑多级覆盖衰减双目标应急设施选址模型及算法.doc

考虑多级覆盖衰减双目标应急设施选址模型及算法 　　摘要：针对在重大突发事件下应急物资的需求量巨大以及对资源持续需求的特点，考虑设施选址的公平性、效率性及成本等因素，基于备用覆盖和覆盖衰减思想，提出一类应急设施双目标多级覆盖衰减选址模型，并基于MATLAB7.0设计遗传算法对模型进行求解；以一个算例验证了模型和算法的有效性，并比较了传统0-1覆盖与覆盖衰减的优劣，分析了覆盖衰减函数敏感系数、不同覆盖半径对模型目标的影响；结果表明：其模型为决策者进行应急设施选址决策提供了一个有效的途径；最后得出结论并给出了进一步拓展研究的方向。 　　关键词：应急设施选址；双目标；多级覆盖衰减；遗传算法 　　中图分类号：F252 文献标识码：A 文章编号：1001-8409（2012）12-0127-05 　　Bi-objective Emergency Facility Location Model and Algorithm Considering Multi-level Gradual Coverage 　　XIAO Jun-hua1，2， HOU Yun-xian1 　　（1.School of Economics and Management，China Agricultural University，Beijing 100083； 　　2.Beijing Vocational College Labor and Social Security，Beijing 100029） 　　Abstract：In allusion to the characteristics of tremendous and continued demands for emergency supplies during large-scale emergency occurring， considering the factors of fairness， efficiency and cost for facility location ， a Bi-objective multi-level gradual coverage location model was proposed based on the idea of backup coverage and gradual coverage in this paper. A genetic algorithm procedure based on MATLAB 7.0 was developed to solve the model. A computational experiment was adopted to prove the effectiveness of genetic algorithm， and performance of the traditional binary coverage and gradual coverage was compared， influence of sensitive coefficient of gradual coverage and different covering radius to the objective of model were analyzed. Result shows that the model can provide an effective approach for the decision makers to make the emergency facility location decision. Finally， conclusions and suggestions for the future research were given. 　　Key words：emergency facility location；bi-objective；multi-level gradual coverage；genetic algorithm 　　引言 　　设施选址是选址问题的一个重要研究领域，主要采用运筹学、拓扑学等研究方法，涉及数学建模与算法设计，强调定量，或努力做到定量与定性分析的有机结合[1，2]。传统的设施选址问题可分为：P-中值问题、P-中心问题和覆盖问题[3～5]，其中，覆盖问题是设施选址问题中应用最广的模型，尤其适用于应急设施的选址。Schilling，D.A等[6]对1991年以前的覆盖问题进行了综述，Farahani，R.Z等[7]对1992～2011年的覆盖问题进行了综述。 　　传统覆盖问题有一个基本假设，即若需求点与设施点之间的距离小于某一距离（时间）则被认为是完全覆盖，反之则认为不会被覆盖