院内耐多药革兰阴性菌感染治疗中的若干问题课件.ppt

* Acinetobacter Acinetobacter species are aerobic gram-negative bacteria that are widely distributed in soil and water and can occasionally be cultured from skin, mucous membranes, secretions, and the hospital environment.Acinetobacter baumannii is the species most commonly isolated. A baumannii has been isolated from blood, sputum, skin, pleural fluid, and urine, usually in device-associated infections. Acinetobacter encountered in nosocomial pneumonia often originates in the water of room humidifiers or vaporizers. In patients with acinetobacter bacteremia, intravenous catheters are almost always the source of infection. In patients with burns or with immune deficiencies, acinetobacter acts as an opportunistic pathogen and can produce sepsis. Acinetobacter strains are often resistant to antimicrobial agents, and therapy of infection can be difficult. Susceptibility testing should be done to help select the best antimicrobial drugs for therapy. Acinetobacter strains respond most commonly to gentamicin, amikacin, or tobramycin and to newer penicillins or cephalosporins. * 接下来我们一起来看一个荟萃分析，其中5个临床实验全部是比较单药与多药联合治疗铜绿假单胞菌感染的。如图所示，所有实验中的联合用药组死亡率都要低于单药治疗组10%-20%左右。 * * 下面我们一起来看一个美国和加拿大做的碳青霉烯联合喹诺酮治疗铜绿引起的VAP（呼吸机相关肺炎）的临床实验，结果显示，联合用药在各项指标（根据表格详述）均优于单药治疗！ * Activities of colistin- and minocycline-based combinations against extensive drug resistant Acinetobacter baumannii isolates from intensive care unit patients Wang Liang, et al BMC Infectious Diseases 2011, 11:109 A combination of meropenem (16 μg/mL) with minocycline (0.5×MIC, 4or 2 μg/mL) was synergitic to all test isolates, but neither showed bactericidal activity alone. combinations of colistin at 0.5×MIC (0.25 or 0.125 μg/mL) with each of the above were synergistic and shown bactericidal activities against all test isolates. The MST12h values of drug combinations (either colistin- or minocycline-based combinations) were significantly shorter than those of the single drugs (p 0.01). Conclusions: Conclusions: This