不同日龄大瓶螺pomaceacanaliculata的反捕食行为-anti - predation behavior of pomaceacanaliculata in different age groups.docxVIP

摘 摘 要 I I 摘 要 在水生环境中，捕食者通过直接消耗或者因回避行为对水生生物产生作用，使被捕 食者减少摄食或参加繁育活动的时间，从而引发后者较高的适合度损失。水生生物对同 类个体粉碎信号也会做出反捕食行为反应，这种行为反应的方式是多样的，其中淡水软 体动物爬出水面，是对捕食的适应性响应，以提高适合度。在不同环境中，表型可塑性 生物可采用不同的备择表型，来影响适合度。而大瓶螺同一个体对同一谱系同类粉碎信 号的持续反捕食反应，所表现出的表型策略是否相同，至今尚未有研究。 本论文以来源于 20 个卵块的大瓶螺为研究对象，以同一卵块粉碎个体的悬浮液为 捕食者信号来源，通过人工选择实验，在大瓶螺孵化后的第 1、3、5、7、9、11、17、 21、36 天，进行了 9 次反捕食实验。结果发现：1、幼螺对同类个体粉碎信号的响应率 与日龄的关系, 随日龄增加，响应率急剧上升，然后缓慢下降至完全不响应。2、如果 将幼螺对每次同类个体反捕食信号的响应看作是一种策略，则这种策略的表达不是等概 率分布的。3、幼螺体对同类个体反捕食信号反应趋向于选择不敏感策略（敏感：不敏 感=1:3）；所有卵块均具有这一特点。4、不同卵块表现出策略选择上的异质性。 关键字：大瓶螺 反捕食行为 人工选择 表型可塑性 Ab Abstract II II Abstract In aquatic environments,predator effects on aquatic organisms through direct consumption or on arousing avoidance behavior of the prey,where the prey reduces feeding or breeding time. Therefore predator causes a higher loss of fitness to the prey. Aquatic organisms show anti-predator behavior when receiving the signal released by injury-individual. Anti-predator behavior is an adaptive response against predation in order to enhance fitness. For example, freshwater molluscs response to shell-breaking predators by crawling out of water. In different environments, the organism may adopt various alternative phenotypes to enhance the possible fitness. In a given period, whether anti-predator response of the same pomacea canaliculata individual will continously present, when encounters the injuried individual is unknown. In this study, I performed a series of experiments with golden apple snails hatched from 20 egg masses. Using the suspension of the injury-individauls of the same golden apple snail lineage as signal source, I observed anti-predator behavior showed by each individual at its age of 1, 3, 5, 7, 9, 11, 17, 21, 36 days. The results showed: 1, the response rate increased drastically and then slowly declined to complete non-response; 2, for juvenile snails, the expression of this strategy of defense, i.e. the anti-predator behavior is unequally distributed among juveniles from different lineages